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Geochemical constraints of bulk rocks and in-situ zircon from the granitoids of the Hungund Schist Belt: An insight for hydrothermal activity

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Abstract

Orogenic, gold hosting greenstone belts in Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), India, are surrounded by granitic bodies and affected by hydrothermal activities. In this paper, field, petrographic and geochemical study of granites coupled with LA-ICP-MS analyses of the trace element abundances of zircons from the granites of the Hungund Schist Belt, the northwest continuation of Kolar and Ramgiri schist belts in EDC is discussed to report the effects of hydrothermal alteration. The geochemical characteristics such as Nb/Ta ratio (~5), low Zr/Hf ratio, depleted ∑REE from the granites close to the shear zone provide clue towards magmatic–hydrothermal interactions in the source rock, while granites away from the shear zone show feeble alteration signature. Zircons from the altered granite contain higher concentration of trace elements, LREE enrichment and high ∑REE with weak positive Ce anomalies and strong negative Eu anomalies indicating hydrothermal alteration. While the zircons from unaltered granites have low to moderate trace element concentration and REE patterns similar to unaltered magmatic zircons. Contrarily, in the ternary plot, the zircons from unaltered granites show minor affinity towards metasomatised hydrothermal field instead of clustering under purely magmatic field. Hence it is considered that these zircons from unaltered granite underwent some minor alteration effect, while the zircons from altered granite are affected completely due to hydrothermal activity. Therefore, it is concluded that movement of hydrothermal solution has taken place along the shear zone in the study area, which has affected more on granites close to the shear zone and minor effects are seen in granites away from the shear zone. Hydrothermal alterations often result in concentration of specific economic minerals and hence, can be used as an indicator for mineral exploration.

Research Highlights

Petrography and geochemistry of granites and trace element analysis of zircons from these granites of Hungund schist belt are presented. The highlights are:

  • Sericitization, chloritization and epidotization are principle signatures observed in hydrothermally altered granites.

  • Nb/Ta ratio (~5), low Zr/Hf ratio, depleted ∑REE from the granites close to the shear zone suggests magmatic-hydrothermal interactions in the source rock, while the granites away from the shear zone do not reflect any significant alteration signature. Zircon geochemistry from the altered granite reveals that it contains higher concentration of trace elements, shows LREE enrichment and high ∑REE with weak positive Ce anomalies and strong negative Eu anomalies indicating hydrothermal alteration, whereas the zircons from unaltered granites have low to moderate trace element concentration and also REE patterns similar to unaltered magmatic zircons.

  • The zircons from unaltered granites are not purely magmatic zircons and have undergone some minor alteration effect which is also evident from the LREE overabundances.

  • Therefore, we conclude that movement of hydrothermal solution has taken place in the study area along the shear zone, showing prominent effects on the granites close to the shear zone and minor effects to those away from the shear zone. Such hydrothermal alteration signatures can be used as an indicator for mineral exploration.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, for granting INSPIRE Fellowship to Shivani for pursuing her PhD program at SDM College of Engineering and Technology (affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka), and the Ministry of Mines, Government of India (Ref: No.14/75/2015-Met.VI) for the facility extended under the Project granted to VSH of SDM College of Engg and Tech., Dharwad. National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Vasco, Goa extended analytical support for the whole-rock analysis. Trace and REE analysis of zircon was carried out during a visiting fellowship extended to VSH by National Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant no. 41890831) to State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. We acknowledge the financial support and the laboratory facility extended by the State Key Laboratory, Lithospheric Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China. We acknowledge SDM College of Engineering and Technology, Dharwad, for providing the facility extended to carry out the work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Engineering and Technology (affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, Karnataka), Dharwad, Karnataka, India

    Shivani Hulaji, V S Hegde, Asim R Pratihari & Manjunath Paltekar

  2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100 029, China

    Xian-Hua Li

  3. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100 049, China

    Xian-Hua Li

  4. Geological Lab Center, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100 083, China

    Li Su

Authors
  1. Shivani Hulaji
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  2. V S Hegde
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  3. Xian-Hua Li
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  4. Li Su
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  5. Asim R Pratihari
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  6. Manjunath Paltekar
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Contributions

Hulaji S and Hegde V S conceived the idea, developed the theory and performed the computations with the help of Pratihari A R and Paltekar M. Pratihari A R and Paltekar M contributed towards field investigations and sample processing. Hegde V S performed the analysis to obtain zircon trace element data from granites of the study area. All authors contributed to the design and implementation of the research, to the analysis of the results and to the writing of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shivani Hulaji.

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Communicated by Rajneesh Bhutani

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Hulaji, S., Hegde, V.S., Li, XH. et al. Geochemical constraints of bulk rocks and in-situ zircon from the granitoids of the Hungund Schist Belt: An insight for hydrothermal activity. J Earth Syst Sci 131, 182 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01930-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01930-0

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