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An update and perspectives on the use of promoters in plant genetic engineering

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Abstract

Genetically engineered plants have varied applications in agriculture for enhancing the values of food and feed. Genetic engineering aims to introduce selected genetic regions with desirable traits into target plants for both spatial and temporal expressions. Promoters are the key elements responsible for regulating gene expressions by modulating the transcription factors (TFs) through recognition of RNA polymerases. Based on their recognition and expression, RNA polymerases were categorized into RNA pol II and pol III promoters. Promoter activity and specificity are the two prime parameters in regulating the transgene expression. Since the use of constitutive promoters like Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S may lead to adverse effects on non-target organisms or ecosystem, inducible/tissue specific promoters and/or the RNA pol III promoters provide myriad opportunities for gene expressions with controlled regulation and with minimum adverse effects. Besides their role in transgene expression, their influence in synthetic biology and genome editing are also discussed. This review provides an update on the importance, current prospects, and insight into the advantages and disadvantages of promoters reported thus far would help to utilize them in the endeavour to develop nutritionally and agronomically improved transgenic crops for commercialization.

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Acknowledgements

PSR acknowledges financial support from the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, New Delhi, for a fellowship and research grant through the INSPIRE Faculty Award No. IFALSPA-06 and Young Scientist Award SB/YS/LS-12/2013. This work was undertaken as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes & Dryland Cereals (CRP-GLDC).

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  1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India

    Divya Kummari, Sudhakar Reddy Palakolanu, Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur, Vincent Vadez & Kiran K Sharma

  2. Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, India

    Divya Kummari & Prasanth Singam

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522 213, India

    P B Kavi Kishor

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  1. Divya Kummari
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Correspondence to Sudhakar Reddy Palakolanu.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection: Genetic Intervention in Plants: Mechanisms and Benefits.

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Kummari, D., Palakolanu, S.R., Kishor, P.B.K. et al. An update and perspectives on the use of promoters in plant genetic engineering. J Biosci 45, 119 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-020-00087-6

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