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Role of Maternal Immune Factors in Neuroimmunology of Brain Development

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Abstract

Inflammation during pregnancy may occur due to various factors. This condition, in which maternal immune system activation occurs, can affect fetal brain development and be related to neurodevelopmental diseases. MIA interacts with the fetus’s brain development through maternal antibodies, cytokines, chemokines, and microglial cells. Antibodies are associated with the development of the nervous system by two mechanisms: direct binding to brain inflammatory factors and binding to brain antigens. Cytokines and chemokines have an active presence in inflammatory processes. Additionally, glial cells, defenders of the nervous system, play an essential role in synaptic modulation and neurogenesis. Maternal infections during pregnancy are the most critical factors related to MIA; however, several studies show the relation between these infections and neurodevelopmental diseases. Infection with specific viruses, such as Zika, cytomegalovirus, influenza A, and SARS-CoV-2, has revealed effects on neurodevelopment and the onset of diseases such as schizophrenia and autism. We review the relationship between maternal infections during pregnancy and their impact on neurodevelopmental processes.

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran and Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran for supporting this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

    Mehdi Mohebalizadeh, Golsa Babapour & Mahdi Maleki Aghdam

  2. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Urmia, Iran

    Mehdi Mohebalizadeh & Mahdi Maleki Aghdam

  3. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Urmia, Iran

    Mehdi Mohebalizadeh & Tooba Mohammadi

  4. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

    Reza Jafari & Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad

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  1. Mehdi Mohebalizadeh
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Contributions

M.M, B.G, MA.M, M.T, J.R, and S-I.V prepared the initial draft; M.M study design, supervised the project, writing (final draft); M.T review and editing of the manuscript; S-I.V supervised the project, review and editing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad.

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Mohebalizadeh, M., Babapour, G., Maleki Aghdam, M. et al. Role of Maternal Immune Factors in Neuroimmunology of Brain Development. Mol Neurobiol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-023-03749-2

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