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A clinical study and future prospects for bioactive compounds and semi-synthetic molecules in the therapies for Huntington's disease

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Abstract

A neurodegenerative disorder (ND) refers to Huntington's disease (HD) which affects memory loss, weight loss, and movement dysfunctions such as chorea and dystonia. In the striatum and brain, HD most typically impacts medium-spiny neurons. Molecular genetics, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial, and metabolic dysfunction are a few of the theories advanced to explicit the pathophysiology of neuronal damage and cell death. Numerous in-depth studies of the literature have supported the therapeutic advantages of natural products in HD experimental models and other treatment approaches. This article briefly discusses the neuroprotective impacts of natural compounds against HD models. The ability of the discovered natural compounds to suppress HD was tested using either in vitro or in vivo models. Many bioactive compounds considerably lessened the memory loss and motor coordination brought on by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Reduced lipid peroxidation, increased endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, reduced acetylcholinesterase activity, and enhanced mitochondrial energy generation have profoundly decreased the biochemical change. It is significant since histology showed that therapy with particular natural compounds lessened damage to the striatum caused by 3-NP. Moreover, natural products displayed varying degrees of neuroprotection in preclinical HD studies because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, maintenance of mitochondrial function, activation of autophagy, and inhibition of apoptosis. This study highlighted about the importance of bioactive compounds and their semi-synthetic molecules in the treatment and prevention of HD.

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Acknowledgements

This paper was supported by the KU Research Professor Program of Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Md. Rezaul Islam, Maruf Hossain Jony, Gazi Kaifeara Thufa, Shopnil Akash, Puja Sutra Dhar, Md. Mominur Rahman, Tahmina Afroz & Muniruddin Ahmed

  2. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara, Saudi Arabia

    Hassan A. Hemeg

  3. Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pukhtanukha, Pakistan

    Abdur Rauf

  4. Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea

    Muthu Thiruvengadam

  5. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India

    Baskar Venkidasamy

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Contributions

MRL, MHJ, GKT: conceptualization, formal analysis, writing—original draft; SA, PSD, AR, BV: investigation, writing—review and editing; MMR, TA, MA, HAH: resources, supervision, writing— review and editing; MT: resources, writing—review and editing; BAR, BV: conceptualization, resources, supervision, writing— original draft.

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Correspondence to Abdur Rauf, Muthu Thiruvengadam or Baskar Venkidasamy.

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Islam, M.R., Jony, M.H., Thufa, G.K. et al. A clinical study and future prospects for bioactive compounds and semi-synthetic molecules in the therapies for Huntington's disease. Mol Neurobiol 61, 1237–1270 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-023-03604-4

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