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Differential Expression of Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial Protein Genes of ATP Synthase Across Different Tissues of Female Buffalo

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Abstract

The physiological well-being of buffaloes, encompassing phenotypic traits, reproductive health, and productivity, depends on their energy status. Mitochondria, the architects of energy production, orchestrate a nuanced interplay between nuclear and mitochondrial domains. Oxidative phosphorylation complexes and associated proteins wield significant influence over metabolic functions, energy synthesis, and organelle dynamics, often linked to tissue-specific pathologies. The unexplored role of ATP synthase in buffalo tissues prompted a hypothesis: in-depth exploration of nuclear-derived mitochondrial genes, notably ATP synthase, reveals distinctive tissue-specific diversity. RNA extraction and sequencing of buffalo tissues (kidney, heart, brain, and ovary) enabled precise quantification of nuclear-derived mitochondrial protein gene expression. The analysis unveiled 24 ATP synthase transcript variants, each with unique tissue-specific patterns. Kidney, brain, and heart exhibited elevated gene expression compared to ovaries, with 10, 8, and 19 up-regulated genes, respectively. The kidney showed 3 and 12 down-regulated genes compared to the brain and heart. The heart–brain comparison highlighted ten highly expressed genes in ATP synthase functions. Gene ontology and pathway analyses revealed enriched functions linked to ATP synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, offering a comprehensive understanding of energy production in buffalo tissues. This analysis enhances understanding of tissue-specific gene expression, emphasizing the influence of energy demands. Revealing intricate links between mitochondrial gene expression and tissue specialization in buffaloes, it provides nuanced insights into tissue-specific expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein genes, notably ATP synthase, advancing the comprehension of buffalo tissue biology.

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Data Availability

Data generated from this study are presented in the manuscript. Further details are presented in additional files. The information not included would be shared by the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We extend our appreciation to the Science and Engineering Research Board, a part of the Department of Science and Technology under the Government of India, for financially supporting this endeavour. The authors wish to convey their thanks to the Director of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute for enabling the essential resources essential to carry out this study.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

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  1. Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India

    E. M. Sadeesh, Madhuri S. Lahamge, Anuj Malik & A. N. Ampadi

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The project’s conception and experimental design were spearheaded by SEM. SEM executed the experiments, conducted data analysis, and initiated manuscript drafting alongside MSL and AM. AAN contributed to the preparation of tables and figures. All authors critically reviewed and granted their approval for the final manuscript version.

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Correspondence to E. M. Sadeesh.

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Sadeesh, E.M., Lahamge, M.S., Malik, A. et al. Differential Expression of Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial Protein Genes of ATP Synthase Across Different Tissues of Female Buffalo. Mol Biotechnol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01085-x

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