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Immunotherapies landscape and associated inhibitors for the treatment of cervical cancer

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Abstract

Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common form of cancer worldwide. There is a large number of situations that may be examined in the developing world. The risk of contracting HPV (Human Papillomavirus) due to poor sanitation and sexual activity is mostly to blame for the disease's alarming rate of expansion. Immunotherapy is widely regarded as one of the most effective medicines available. The immunotherapy used to treat cervical cancer cells relies on inhibitors that block the immune checkpoint. The poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymer inhibited cervical cancer cells by activating both the programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (CTLA-1) checkpoints, a strategy that has been shown to have impressive effects. Yet, immunotherapy directed towards tumors that have already been invaded by lymphocytes leaves a positive imprint on the healing process. Immunotherapy is used in conjunction with other treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, to provide faster and more effective outcomes. In this combination therapy, several medications such as Pembrolizumab, Durvalumab, Atezolizumab, and so on are employed in clinical trials. Recent developments and future predictions suggest that vaccinations will soon be developed with the dual goal of reducing the patient's susceptibility to illness while simultaneously strengthening their immune system. Many clinical and preclinical studies are now investigating the effectiveness of immunotherapy in slowing the progression of cervical cancer. The field of immunotherapy is expected to witness more progress toward improving outcomes.

Graphical abstract

Immunotherapies landscape and associated inhibitors for the treatment of Cervical Cancer.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to reasons of senstivity and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

CAR:

Chimeric antigen receptor

CFU:

Colony forming units

CTLA-4:

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4

DC:

Dendritic cell

FIGO:

International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

HADC:

Histone deacetylases

HPV:

Human papillomavirus

ICI:

Immune checkpoint inhibitor

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

PARP:

Poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase

PD-1:

Programmed cell death protein 1

TCR:

T cell receptor

TIL:

Tumor infiltrate lymphocytes

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All the authors are thankful to library of Galgotias University for providing the material and support to us.

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  1. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Agrima Yadav & Shikha Yadav

  2. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Plot No. 2, Sector 17-A, Yamuna Expressway, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India

    Shikha Yadav

  3. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India

    Md. Aftab Alam

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Yadav, A., Yadav, S. & Alam, M.A. Immunotherapies landscape and associated inhibitors for the treatment of cervical cancer. Med Oncol 40, 328 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-023-02188-2

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