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Epidemiological trends and risk factors of gynecological cancers: an update

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Abstract

Gynecological cancers, the most common cancer among women worldwide, disrupt the function of women’s reproductive system, significantly impacting the quality of life. The epidemiological patterns of gynecological cancers differ in various regions and alter over time. The main challenge to deal with women’s cancers is focusing on potential plans to improve patient outcomes. The epidemiology and general risk elements of gynecological cancers are important in the management of these cancers, so all of the reported risk factors in gynecological cancers have been evaluated in the present review. Due to the role of gynecological cancers in women’s health, preventive measures and modifiable lifestyles together with early detection in high-risk groups are effective strategies that can reduce mortality rates. This review summarizes the epidemiology and global risk factors of gynecological cancers alongside others to better management of these malignancies and improve the quality of life in the affected patients.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the cooperation of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Vahideh Keyvani

  2. Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Vahideh Keyvani

  3. Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Nahid Kheradmand & Zahra Nasrpour Navaei

  4. Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

    Samaneh Mollazadeh

  5. Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili

  6. Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili

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  1. Vahideh Keyvani
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Contributions

The authors confirm their contributions to this review manuscript as follows: Study conception and draft manuscript preparation: VK; Data collection, critical review, commentary, revision, and figure Design: ZN, SM, and NK; and Supervision of the manuscript preparation: SAE. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili.

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Keyvani, V., Kheradmand, N., Navaei, Z.N. et al. Epidemiological trends and risk factors of gynecological cancers: an update. Med Oncol 40, 93 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-023-01957-3

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