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The Association of Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis with Gastrointestinal Cancers and Its Diagnostic Efficacy

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

The second leading mortality cause in the world is cancer, making it a critical issue that impacts human health. As a result, scientists are looking for novel biomarkers for cancer detection. The oral microbiome, made up of approximately 700 species-level taxa, is a significant source for discovering novel biomarkers. In this review, we aimed to prepare a summary of research that has investigated the association between the oral microbiome and gastrointestinal cancers.

Methods

We searched online scientific datasets including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Eligibility criteria included human studies that reported abundances of the oral microbiome, or its diagnostic/prognostic performance in patients with gastrointestinal cancers.

Results

Some phyla of the oral microbiome have a relationship with cancers. Some particular phyla of the oral microbiome that may be related to gastrointestinal cancers consist of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria. Changes in the abundances of Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Veillonella are correlated with carcinogenesis, and may be used for distinguishing cancer patients from healthy subjects. Oral, colorectal, pancreatic, and esophageal cancers are the most important cancers related to the oral microbiome.

Conclusion

The results of this study may help future research to select bacteria as an early diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of gastrointestinal cancer. Given the current state of our knowledge, additional research is required to comprehend the multiplex processes underlying the role of bacterial microbiota upon cancer progression and to characterize the complex microbiota-host interaction network.

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Availability of Data and Materials

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

WHO:

World Health Organization

MALT:

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

MeSH:

Medical subject headings

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

HOMD:

Human oral microbiome database

HMP:

Human Microbiome Project

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

OSCC:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

HNSCC:

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

OPSCC:

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

GSCC:

Gingival squamous cell carcinoma

OCC:

Oral cavity cancer

OPC:

Oropharyngeal cancer

EAC:

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

ESCC:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

PDAC:

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

CA 19–9:

Cancer antigen 19–9

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

AG:

Atrophic gastritis

SG:

Superficial gastritis

AUC:

Area under the curve

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

qPCR:

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Pooria Asili, Maryam Mirahmad, Mohammad Mahdavi & Bagher Larijani

  2. Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Parisa Rezaei

  3. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Mohammad Tavangar

  4. Department of Pathology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Mohammad Tavangar

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Pooria Asili: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft preparation; Maryam Mirahmad: investigation, writing—original draft preparation; Parisa Rezaei: Writing—Original draft preparation; Seyed Mohammad Tavangar: supervision, writing-reviewing and editing; Mohammad Mahdavi: writing—reviewing and editing; Bagher Larijani: project administration, writing—reviewing and editing; all the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Asili, P., Mirahmad, M., Rezaei, P. et al. The Association of Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis with Gastrointestinal Cancers and Its Diagnostic Efficacy. J Gastrointest Canc 54, 1082–1101 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-022-00901-4

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