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Liver Transplantation for Malignancies

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Abstract

Liver transplantation (LT) has become an acceptable and effective treatment for selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with excellent outcomes. More recently, LT has been tried in different primary and secondary malignancies of the liver. The outcomes of LT for very selected group of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have been promising. Excellent results have been reported in LT for patients with unresectable hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE). In contrast to excellent results after LT for HEHE, results of LT for angiosarcoma have been disappointing with no long-term survivors. Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common primary liver cancer in pediatric age group. Long-term outcomes after LT in patients with unresectable tumor and good response to chemotherapy have been promising. Indication for LT for hepatic metastasis from neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is mainly for patients with unresectable tumors and for palliation of medically uncontrollable symptoms. Posttransplant survival in those patients with low tumor activity index is excellent, despite recurrence of the tumor. More recent limited outcomes data on LT for unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer have claimed some survival benefit compared to the previous reports. However, due to the high rate of tumor recurrence in a very short time after LT, especially in the era of organ shortage, this indication has not been favored by the transplant community.

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Abbreviations

LT:

Liver transplantation

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

AFP:

Alpha-fetoprotein

CEA:

Carcinoembryonic antigen

HEHE:

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma

NETs:

Neuroendocrine tumors

HB:

Hepatoblastoma

UNOS:

United Network for Organ Sharing

NANETS:

North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society

ENETS:

European Neuroendocrine Society

CC:

cholangiocarcinoma

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  1. Hepato-pancreato-biliary/Liver Transplant Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Desk A-100, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Bijan Eghtesad & Federico Aucejo

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  1. Bijan Eghtesad
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Eghtesad, B., Aucejo, F. Liver Transplantation for Malignancies. J Gastrointest Canc 45, 353–362 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-014-9590-2

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