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The Potential of miR-21 in Stem Cell Differentiation and its Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two important types of non-coding RNAs that are not translated into protein. These molecules can regulate various biological processes, including stem cell differentiation and self-renewal. One of the first known miRNAs in mammals is miR-21. Cancer-related studies have shown that this miRNA has proto-oncogene activity and is elevated in cancers. However, it is confirmed that miR-21 inhibits stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal and induces differentiation by targeting various genes. Regenerative medicine is a field of medical science that tries to regenerate and repair damaged tissues. Various studies have shown that miR-21 plays an essential role in regenerative medicine by affecting stem cell proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we will discuss the function of miR-21 in regenerative medicine of the liver, nerve, spinal cord, wound, bone, and dental tissues. In addition, the function of natural compounds and lncRNAs will be analyzed as potential regulators of miR-21 expression in regenerative medicine.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge BioRender software (Biorender.com) that was used to create a graphical abstract.

Funding

This work was supported by Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (Grant numbers 50001884).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Kalhori & Amir Ali Kalhori

  2. Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Masoud Soleimani

  3. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Reza Alibakhshi

  4. Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Parisa Mohamadi

  5. Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Parisa Mohamadi

  6. Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Rasoul Azreh

  7. Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Mohammad Hosien Farzaei

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Contributions

Mohammad Reza Kalhori: Idea, Methodology, conceptualization, supervision, Funding acquisition, Original draft preparation, and literature search.; Masoud Soleimani: Project administration, Writing - review & editing.; Amir Ali Kalhori: literature search, Software, and original draft preparation, Software.; Parisa Mohamadi: literature search, original draft preparation, Software.; Rasoul Azreh: original draft preparation.; Reza Alibakhshi: Writing - review & editing.; Mohammad Hosien Farzaei: Writing - review & editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published the version of the manuscript to be submitted.

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Correspondence to Mohammad Reza Kalhori.

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Kalhori, M.R., Soleimani, M., Alibakhshi, R. et al. The Potential of miR-21 in Stem Cell Differentiation and its Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 19, 1232–1251 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-023-10510-8

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