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Sodium Pentaborate Prevents Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatorenal Injury by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Lipid Peroxidation, Apoptosis, and Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats

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Abstract

Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP, or paracetamol) is one of the drugs that may be damaging to the kidneys and liver when used in excess. In this context, it is vital to treat these side effects on the liver and kidneys with various antioxidants. Diseases have been treated using herbal and mineral remedies since ancient times. The mineral boron, found in rocks and water, is a crucial ingredient with multiple positive biological effects. The primary objective of this research is to determine whether or not boron has a protective effect against the toxicity generated by APAP in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated orally with boron-source sodium pentaborate (B50 and B100 mg/kg) for 6 days by gastric gavage in order to counteract the toxicity caused by a single dose of APAP (1g/kg). APAP increased lipid peroxidation as well as serum BUN, creatinine concentrations, and serum activities of AST, ALP, and ALT by consuming GSH in liver and kidney tissues. In addition, the activity of antioxidative enzymes, including SOD, CAT, and GPx, was diminished. Inflammatory indicators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-33 were elevated in conjunction with APAP toxicity. In kidney and liver tissues, APAP dramatically increased the activity of caspase-3 and triggered apoptosis. Sodium pentaborate therapy on a short-term basis reduced biochemical levels despite these effects of APAP. This study showed that boron protects rats from the harmful effects of APAP by acting as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic agent.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Mr. Faruk Durukan and Kale Natural Corp. for the supply of sodium pentaborate.

Funding

This study received financial support from Ataturk University-The Coordination Unit of Scientific Research Projects, Türkiye (within the project’s scope, numbered TDK-2018-6715).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Horasan Vocational College, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye

    Esra Aktas Senocak

  2. Vocational School Health Services, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye

    Necati Utlu

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye

    Seyda Kurt & Sefa Kucukler

  4. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Türkiye

    Fatih Mehmet Kandemir

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  1. Esra Aktas Senocak
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Aktas Senocak, E., Utlu, N., Kurt, S. et al. Sodium Pentaborate Prevents Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatorenal Injury by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Lipid Peroxidation, Apoptosis, and Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 1164–1173 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03755-4

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