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Magnesium (Mg2 +), Strontium (Sr2 +), and Zinc (Zn2 +) Co-substituted Bone Cements Based on Nano-hydroxyapatite/Monetite for Bone Regeneration

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Abstract

New bone cement type that combines Sr2 + /Mg2 + or Sr2 + /Zn2 + co-substituted nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAs) with calcium phosphate dibasic and chitosan/gelatin polymers was developed to increase adhesion and cellular response. The cements were physicochemically described and tested in vitro using cell cultures. All cements exhibited quite hydrophilic and had high washout resistance. Cement releases Ca2 + , Mg2 + , Sr2 + , and Zn2 + in concentrations that are suitable for osteoblast proliferation and development. All of the cements stimulated cell proliferation in fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and osteoblasts, were non-cytotoxic, and produced apatite. Cements containing co-substituted n-HAs had excellent cytocompatibility, which improved osteoblast adhesion and cell proliferation. These cements had osteoinductive potential, stimulating extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by increasing ALP and NO production. The ions Ca2 + , Mg2 + , Zn2 + , and Sr2 + appear to cooperate in promoting osteoblast function. The C3 cement (HA-SrMg5%), which was made up of n-HA co-substituted with 5 mol% Sr and 5 mol% Mg, showed exceptional osteoinductive capacity in terms of bone regeneration, indicating that this new bone cement could be a promising material for bone replacement.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available at Alexa Magalhaes Dias’s repository, https://repositorio.ufmg.br/handle/1843/35912.

Materials Availability

The biological materials used were supplied by Rio de Janeiro Cell Bank (Brazil).

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express them acknowledge to the Brazilian agencies and Center of Microscopy at UFMG.

Funding

The authors have received individual sources of funding that have supported the work from the Brazilian agencies National Scientific and Technological Development Council (CNPq), Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination (CAPES), and Research Support Foundation of the State of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua São Paulo, 745 Governador Valadares/MG Brazil, Governador Valadares, MG, CEP, 31270901, Brazil

    Alexa Magalhães Dias

  2. Biopharmaceutical and Technology Innovation Graduate Program, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP, 31270901, Brazil

    Isabela do Nascimento Canhas, Marcelo Gomes Speziali, Rubén Dario Sinisterra & Maria Esperanza Cortés

  3. Chemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP, 31270901, Brazil

    Carlos Giovani Oliveira Bruziquesi & Rubén Dario Sinisterra

  4. Chemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Exatas E Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro s/n, Ouro Preto, MG, CEP, 35400000, Brazil

    Marcelo Gomes Speziali

  5. Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP, 31270901, Brazil

    Alexa Magalhães Dias & Maria Esperanza Cortés

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  1. Alexa Magalhães Dias
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  2. Isabela do Nascimento Canhas
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  3. Carlos Giovani Oliveira Bruziquesi
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  4. Marcelo Gomes Speziali
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  5. Rubén Dario Sinisterra
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  6. Maria Esperanza Cortés
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Contributions

Alexa M Dias and Maria E Cortés were responsible for formulating the research question, designing, and conducting the study, analyzed the data acquisition, and wrote the main manuscript text; Isabela do N Canhas, Carlos G Bruziquesi, Marcelo G Speziali, and Rubén D Sinisterra were responsible for conducting parts of the study and analyzed the data acquisition. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Maria Esperanza Cortés.

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Dias, A.M., do Nascimento Canhas, I., Bruziquesi, C.G.O. et al. Magnesium (Mg2 +), Strontium (Sr2 +), and Zinc (Zn2 +) Co-substituted Bone Cements Based on Nano-hydroxyapatite/Monetite for Bone Regeneration. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 2963–2981 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03382-5

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