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Brazilian Genetic Diversity for Desirable and Undesirable Elements in the Wheat Grain

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Abstract

Micronutrient deficiency affects billions of people, especially in countries where the diet is low in diversity with inadequate consumption of fruits, vegetables, and animal-source foods, and higher consumption of staple food, i.e., cereals, that have low concentrations of micronutrients. Genetic biofortification is a strategy to mitigate this problem and ensure nutritional security. Wheat is a target of genetic biofortification since it contributes significantly to the caloric requirement. The biofortification process involves a screening related to the presence of genetic variability for grain mineral content. Also, the accumulation of toxic elements must be considered to ensure food safety, because if ingested above the allowed concentrations, it represents health risks. In this sense, this study aimed to quantify the micronutrients iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and manganese and toxic elements arsenic and cadmium in a Brazilian wheat panel grown in Southern Brazil. The presence of genetic variability for the accumulation of micronutrients in the grain was detected; however, we observed that only the copper and manganese accumulation meet the human daily requirements. Iron, zinc, and selenium were detected in insufficient concentration to meet the daily demand. Arsenic and cadmium accumulation were not detected in wheat grain. The wheat genotypes grown in Brazil displayed a similar profile to that found in other countries which may be due to common high-yield breeding goals and the narrowing of the genetic variability, observed worldwide. Thus, the wheat genetic biofortification success in Brazil depends on the introduction of foreign genotypes, landraces, and wild relatives.

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Funding

The research and fellowships were supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) grant no. 2016/10060-9 and 2014/05151-0.

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  1. Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil

    Latóia Eduarda Maltzahn, Stefânia Garcia Zenker, Jennifer Luz Lopes, Cezar Augusto Verdi, Vianei Rother, Carlos Busanello, Vívian Ebeling Viana, Antonio Costa de Oliveira & Camila Pegoraro

  2. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Campus Santo André, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil

    Rodrigo Mendes Pereira & Bruno Lemos Batista

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  1. Latóia Eduarda Maltzahn
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  2. Stefânia Garcia Zenker
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Maltzahn, L.E., Zenker, S.G., Lopes, J.L. et al. Brazilian Genetic Diversity for Desirable and Undesirable Elements in the Wheat Grain. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 2351–2365 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02338-x

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