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Gut Microbiota and Its Role in Anti-aging Phenomenon: Evidence-Based Review

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Abstract

The gut microbiota widely varies from individual to individual, but the variation shows stability over a period of time. The presence of abundant bacterial taxa is a common structure that determines the microbiota of human being. The presence of this microbiota greatly varies from geographic location, sex, food habits and age. Microbiota existing within the gut plays a significant role in nutrient absorption, development of immunity, curing of diseases and various developmental phases. With change in age, chronology diversification and variation of gut microbiota are observed within human being. But it has been observed that with the enhancement of age the richness of the microbial diversity has shown a sharp decline. The enhancement of age also results in the drift of the characteristic of the microbes associated with the microbiota from commensals to pathogenic. Various studies have shown that age associated gut-dysbiosis may result in decrease in tlongevity along with unhealthy aging. The host signalling pathways regulate the presence of the gut microbiota and their longevity. The presence of various nutrients regulates the presence of various microbial species. Innate immunity can be triggered due to the mechanism of gut dysbiosis resulting in the development of various age-related pathological syndromes and early aging. The gut microbiota possesses the ability to communicate with the host system with the help of various types of biomolecules, epigenetic mechanisms and various types of signalling-independent pathways. Drift in this mechanism of communication may affect the life span along with the health of the host. Thus, this review would focus on the use of gut-microbiota in anti-aging and healthy conditions of the host system.

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Availability of Data and Material

The datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

GI:

Gastro-intestine

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

TNF-α:

Tumour necrosis factor)

IL:

Interleukins

SCFA:

Short chain fatty acids

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  1. Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang, China

    Ruishan Li

  2. SHRM Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata, India

    Rupak Roy

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Li, R., Roy, R. Gut Microbiota and Its Role in Anti-aging Phenomenon: Evidence-Based Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 6809–6823 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04423-y

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