Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Thermal and fluid flow modeling of the molten pool behavior during TIG welding by stream vorticity method

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present paper deals with the numerical simulation of weld pool development in Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) process. A mathematical model is developed in order to solve the Navier–Stokes equations expressed in the stream–vorticity formulation coupled with heat equation taking into account the liquid solid phase change. Using the stream–vorticity formulation in incompressible fluid flow, the same problem is solved with reducing the number of transport equations. Therefore, only one transport equation (vorticity) and one Poisson equation (stream) are considered in this model. The FORTRAN programming and the numerical simulation are then achieved using appropriate discretization that ensures the convergence of the numerical methods to solve a large and sparse linear algebraic systems. Furthermore, to solve the radiation phenomena during welding described by the Stefen law, another method is proposed. The obtained numerical results are discussed and validate with experimental.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lant, T., Robinson, D.L., Spafford, B., Storesund, J.: Review of weld repair procedures for low alloy steels designed to minimise the risk of future cracking. Int. J. Press. Vessels Pip. 78, 813–818 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lucjan, W.: Failure analysis of the wing-fuselage connector of an agricultural aircraft. Eng. Fail. Anal. 13(4), 572–581 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Peng, Q.H., Liu, T., Sun, Q.: Reliability estimation for aluminum alloy welded joint with automatic image measurement of surface crack growth. Eng. Comput. 33(4), 1205–1223 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Varghese, V.M.J., Suresh, M.R., Kumar, D.S.: Recent developments in modeling of heat transfer during TIG welding—a review. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 64(5), 749–754 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Atthey, D.R.: A mathematical model for fluid flow in a weld pool at high currents. J. Fluid Mech. 98(4), 787–801 (1980)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Kou, S., Wang, Y.H.: Computer simulation of convection in moving arc weld pools. Metall. Trans. A 17(12), 2271–2277 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Zacharia, T., David, S.A., Vitek, J.M., Debroy, T.: Weld pool development during GTA and laser beam welding of type 304 stainless steel, part I—theoretical analysis. Weld. J 68(12), 499–509 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Goodarzi, M., Choo, R., Takasu, T., Toguri, J.M.: The effect of the cathode tip angle on the gas tungsten arc welding arc and weld pool: II. The mathematical model for the weld pool. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 31(5), 569–583 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Fan, H.G., Tsai, H.L., Na, S.J.: Heat transfer and fluid flow in a partially or fully penetrated weld pool in gas tungsten arc welding. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 44(2), 417–428 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Tanaka, M., Terasaki, H., Ushio, M., Lowke, J.J.: A unified numerical modeling of stationary tungsten-inert-gas welding process. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 33(July), 2043–2052 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Traidia, A., Roger, F.: Numerical and experimental study of arc and weld pool behaviour for pulsed current GTA welding. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 54(9–10), 2163–2179 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang, X., Huang, J., Huang, Y., Fan, D., Guo, Y.: Investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow in activating TIG welding by numerical modeling. Appl. Therm. Eng. 113, 27–35 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang, W., Kim, C.-H., DebRoy, T.: Heat and fluid flow in complex joints during gas metal arc welding—part I: numerical model of fillet welding. J. Appl. Phys. 95(9), 5210 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wang, L., Wu, C., Chen, J., Gao, J.: Influence of the external magnetic field on fluid flow, temperature profile and humping bead in high speed gas metal arc welding. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 116, 1282–1291 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kempf, V.: Approximated analytical approach for temperature calculation in pulsed arc welding. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-019-00638-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Fischer, X., Nadeau, J.-P.: Interactive design: then and now. In: Research in Interactive Design, vol. 3, pp. 1–5. Springer, Paris (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Madrid, J., Forslund, A., Söderberg, R., et al.: A welding capability assessment method (WCAM) to support multidisciplinary design of aircraft structures. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 12, 833–851 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kumar, A., DebRoy, T.: Calculation of three-dimensional electromagnetic force field during arc welding. J. Appl. Phys. 94(2), 1267–1277 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Goldak, J., Chakravarti, A., Bibby, M.: New finite element model for welding heat sources. Metall. Trans. B Process. Metall. 15(2), 299–305 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Aissani, M., Guessasma, S., Zitouni, A., Hamzaoui, R., Bassir, D., Benkedda, Y.: Three-dimensional simulation of 304L steel TIG welding process: contribution of the thermal flux. Appl. Therm. Eng. 89, 822–832 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Trautmann, M., Hertel, M., Füssel, U.: Numerical simulation of TIG weld pool dynamics using smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 115, 842–853 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kim, W.H., Fan, H.G., Na, S.J.: Effect of various driving forces on heat and mass transfer in arc welding. Numer. Heat Transf. Part A Appl. 32(6), 633–652 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang, W., Roy, G.G., Elmer, J.W., DebRoy, T.: Modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow during gas tungsten arc spot welding of low carbon steel. J. Appl. Phys. 93(5), 3022–3033 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Li, Y., Feng, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Wu, C.: Plasma arc and weld pool coupled modeling of transport phenomena in keyhole welding. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 92, 628–638 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Berthier, A., Paillard, P., Carin, P.M., Valensi, F., Pellerin, S.: TIG and A-TIG welding experimental investigations and comparison to simulation. Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 17(8), 609–615 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center in Industrial Technologies, CRTI, P.O. Box 64, 16014, Cheraga, Algiers, Algeria

    Abdel Halim Zitouni & Mouloud Aissani

  2. IRIT, INP-ENSEEIHT, 2 Rue Charles Camichel, 31000, Toulouse, France

    Pierre Spiteri

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Blida 1, BP 270, Route de Soumaa, Blida, Algeria

    Abdel Halim Zitouni & Younes Benkheda

Authors
  1. Abdel Halim Zitouni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pierre Spiteri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mouloud Aissani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Younes Benkheda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdel Halim Zitouni.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zitouni, A.H., Spiteri, P., Aissani, M. et al. Thermal and fluid flow modeling of the molten pool behavior during TIG welding by stream vorticity method. Int J Interact Des Manuf 14, 173–188 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-020-00653-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-020-00653-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation