Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Anticorrosive properties of the double-layer PANI-(graphene oxide)/epoxy coating in protecting carbon steel in saltwater

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The work reports result in improving the anticorrosive properties of a commercial epoxy coating by forming a double-layer coating structure. First, a thin (ca. 5 μm) electrically conductive polyaniline (PANI) coating was wormed directly on the carbon steel (CS) surface, on top of which a thicker (ca. 20 μm) epoxy coating was applied. The inner PANI layer was also loaded with graphene oxide (GO). The resulting anticorrosive properties of the coatings were investigated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl employing electrochemical techniques, while the surface and cross-sectional morphology of the coatings was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the commercial epoxy coating started gradually failing several days after its exposure to the electrolyte, while it took 37 days for larger pores to appear in the PANI/epoxy coating, which then gradually continued to fail. On the other hand, the PANI-GO/epoxy coating maintained its high corrosion resistance, without forming impedance-detectable pores, over the entire testing period (two months). The excellent corrosion protection properties of the PANI-GO/epoxy coating were prescribed solely to the presence of the underlying PANI-GO layer, which represents a better barrier for the transport of hydrated corrosive ions to the CS surface, through the combined action of charge (repulsion of hydrated corrosive anions and iron oxide film formation), surface energy (hydrophobicity), and blocking mechanisms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aneja, KS, Bohm, S, Khanna, A, Bohm, HM, “Graphene Based Anticorrosive Coatings for Cr (VI) Replacement.” Nanoscale, 7 17879–17888 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Cai, K, Zuo, S, Luo, S, Yao, C, Liu, W, Ma, J, Mao, H, Li, Z, “Preparation of Polyaniline/Graphene Composites with Excellent Anti-Corrosion Properties and their Application in Waterborne Polyurethane Anticorrosive Coatings.” RSC Adv., 6 95965–95972 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ambrosi, A, Pumera, M, “The Structural Stability of Graphene Anticorrosion Coating Materials is Compromised at Low Potentials.” Chem. Eur. J., 21 7896–7901 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Qiu, C, Liu, D, Jin, K, Fang, L, Xie, G, Robertson, J, “Electrochemical Functionalization of 316 Stainless Steel with Polyaniline-Graphene Oxide: Corrosion Resistance Study.” Mater. Chem. Phys., 198 90–98 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wilds, N, “Corrosion Under Insulation.” In: El-Sherik, AM (ed.) Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies, pp. 409–429. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2017)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Abd El Wanees, S, Radwan, AB, Alsharif, M, Abd El Haleem, S, “Initiation and Inhibition of Pitting Corrosion on Reinforcing Steel Under Natural Corrosion Conditions.” Mater. Chem. Phys., 190 79–95 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ituen, E, James, A, Akaranta, O, Sun, S, “Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor from Pennisetum Purpureum Biomass and Synergistic Intensifiers for Mild Steel.” Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 24 1442–1447 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sørensen, PA, Kiil, S, Dam-Johansen, K, Weinell, CE, “Anticorrosive Coatings: A Review.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 6 135–176 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sieber, M, Morgenstern, R, Nickel, D, Scharf, I, Alisch, G, Förster, W, Binotsch, C, Awiszus, B, Lampke, T, “Corrosion Protection of Al/Mg Compounds by Simultaneous Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation.” Mater. Today Proc., 2 S149–S155 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Merkula, D, Novikov, P, Ivanenkov, V, Sapozhnikov, V, Lyakhin, Y, “Utilization of EDN Varnish for Protection of Metal Sea-Water Sampling Bottles Against Corrosion.” Oceanol. USSR, 14 299–300 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Stratmann, M, Feser, R, Leng, A, “Corrosion Protection by Organic Films.” Electrochim. Acta, 39 1207–1214 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Chang, C-H, Huang, T-C, Peng, C-W, Yeh, T-C, Lu, H-I, Hung, W-I, Weng, C-J, Yang, T-I, Yeh, J-M, “Novel Anticorrosion Coatings Prepared from Polyaniline/Graphene Composites.” Carbon, 50 5044–5051 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. DeBerry, DW, “Modification of the Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steels with an Electroactive Coating.” J. Electrochem. Soc., 132 1022 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ge, CY, Yang, XG, Hou, BR, “Synthesis of Polyaniline Nanofiber and Anticorrosion Property of Polyaniline–Epoxy Composite Coating for Q235 Steel.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 9 59–69 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zuo, S, Chen, Y, Liu, W, Yao, C, Li, Y, Ma, J, Kong, Y, Mao, H, Li, Z, Fu, Y, “Polyaniline/g-C3N4 Composites as Novel Media for Anticorrosion Coatings.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 14 1307–1314 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ansari, R, Alikhani, AH, “Application of Polyaniline/Nylon Composites Coating for Corrosion Protection of Steel.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 6 221–227 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mišković-Stanković, V, Zotović, J, Kačarević-Popović, Z, Maksimović, MD, “Corrosion Behaviour of Epoxy Coatings Electrodeposited on Steel Electrochemically Modified by Zn–Ni Alloy.” Electrochim. Acta, 44 4269–4277 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wei, Y, Zhang, L, Ke, W, “Evaluation of Corrosion Protection of Carbon Black Filled Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coatings on Mild Steel During Exposure to a Quiescent 3% NaCl Solution.” Corros. Sci., 49 287–302 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lan, Y-X, Weng, CW, Ahmed, MM, Luo, K-H, Ji, W-F, Liu, W-R, Yeh, J-M, “Aniline Pentamer-Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide/Epoxy Composites as Anticorrosion Coatings.” Mater. Chem. Phys., 264 124446 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kim, S, Le, T-H, Park, CS, Park, G, Kim, KH, Kim, S, Kwon, OS, Lim, GT, Yoon, H, “A Solution-Processable, Nanostructured, and Conductive Graphene/Polyaniline Hybrid Coating for Metal-Corrosion Protection and Monitoring.” Sci. Rep., 7 1–9 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ahmad, N, MacDiarmid, AG, “Inhibition of Corrosion of Steels with the Exploitation of Conducting Polymers.” Synth. Metals, 78 103–110 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sazou, D, Georgolios, C, “Formation of Conducting Polyaniline Coatings on Iron Surfaces by Electropolymerization of Aniline in Aqueous Solutions.” J. Electroanal. Chem., 429 81–93 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kaur, H, Sharma, J, Jindal, D, Arya, RK, Ahuja, SK, Arya, SB, “Crosslinked Polymer Doped Binary Coatings for Corrosion Protection.” Prog. Org. Coat, 125 32–39 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Pradeepa, P, Edwinraj, S, Prabhu, MR, “Effects of Ceramic Filler in Poly (Vinyl Chloride)/Poly (Ethyl Methacrylate) Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes.” Chin. Chem. Lett., 26 1191–1196 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Nguyen, AS, Nguyen, TD, Thai, TT, Trinh, AT, Pham, GV, Thai, H, Tran, DL, To, TXH, Nguyen, DT, “Synthesis of Conducting PANi/SiO2 Nanocomposites and their Effect on Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Antistatic Waterborne Epoxy Coating.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 17 361–370 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wu, WR, Su, CJ, Chuang, WT, Huang, YC, Yang, PW, Lin, PC, Chen, CY, Yang, TY, Su, AC, Wei, KH, “Surface Layering and Supersaturation for Top-Down Nanostructural Development During Spin Coating of Polymer/Fullerene Thin Films.” Adv. Energy Mater., 7 1601842 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Chen, W, Chen, H, Li, W, Huang, J, Yu, H, Duh, J, Lan, S, Feng, T, “Compositionally Modulated Microstructure in Nano-layered Ni-P Metallic Glass Composite Coating Prepared by Electrodeposition.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 389 125636 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhou, Y, Hartemink, AE, Shi, Z, Liang, Z, Lu, Y, “Land Use and Climate Change Effects on Soil Organic Carbon in North and Northeast China.” Sci. Total Environ., 647 1230–1238 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Yeh, J-M, Huang, H-Y, Chen, C-L, Su, W-F, Yu, Y-H, “Siloxane-Modified Epoxy Resin–Clay Nanocomposite Coatings with Advanced Anticorrosive Properties Prepared by a Solution Dispersion Approach.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 200 2753–2763 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ji, W-F, Ahmed, MM, Luo, K-H, Chen, K-Y, Lee, Y-C, Yeh, J-M, “Epoxy Thermoset Coatings with Fine Controllable Hierarchical Structures Prepared from Bio-inspired Photo-/Colloidal Lithography Technique for Anticorrosion Application.” Prog. Org. Coat., 152 106132 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Calovi, M, Rossi, S, Deflorian, F, Dire, S, Ceccato, R, “Effect of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Concentration on the Corrosion Resistance Properties Provided by Cataphoretic Acrylic Coatings.” Mater. Chem. Phys., 239 121984 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Ascencio, M, Omanovic, S, “Investigation of the Corrosion Mechanism of WE43 Mg-Alloy in a Simulated Body Fluid: The Effect of Electrolyte Renewal.” ECS Meeting Abstracts, IOP Publishing, 2013, pp. 652.

  33. Pinedo, MAA, Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviour of Bare and Polypyrrole-coated WE43 Magnesium Alloy for the Development of Biodegradable Implants. McGill University (Canada), 2016

  34. Chang, K-C, Hsu, M-H, Lu, H-I, Lai, M-C, Liu, P-J, Hsu, C-H, Ji, W-F, Chuang, T-L, Wei, Y, Yeh, J-M, “Corrigendum to ‘Room-temperature Cured Hydrophobic Epoxy/Graphene Composites as Corrosion Inhibitor for Cold-rolled Steel’[Carbon 66 (2014) 144–153].” Carbon, 100 611 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Nguyen, D, Tai, N, Chueh, Y, Chen, S, Chen, Y, Kuo, W, Chou, T, Hsu, C-S, Chen, L, “Synthesis of Ethanol-Soluble Few-Layer Graphene Nanosheets for Flexible and Transparent Conducting Composite Films.” Nanotechnology, 22 295606 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ahmed, MM, Imae, T, “Electrochemical Properties of a Thermally Expanded Magnetic Graphene Composite with a Conductive Polymer.” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 18 10400–10410 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ahmed, MM, Imae, T, “Effect of External Magnetic Field on Cyclic Voltammetry of Exfoliated Graphene-Based Magnetic Composites with Conductive Polymer and Carbon Dots.” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 491 165604 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Chang, K-C, Hsu, C, Lu, H, Ji, W, Chang, C, Li, W, Chuang, T, Yeh, J, Liu, W, Tsai, M, “Advanced Anticorrosive Coatings Prepared from Electroactive Polyimide/Graphene Nanocomposites with Synergistic Effects of Redox Catalytic Capability and Gas Barrier Properties.” Expr. Polym. Lett., 8 243–255 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Montemor, MDF, “Functional and Smart Coatings for Corrosion Protection: A Review of Recent Advances.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 258 17–37 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Eda, G, Chhowalla, M, “Chemically Derived Graphene Oxide: Towards Large-Area Thin-Film Electronics and Optoelectronics.” Adv. Mater., 22 2392–2415 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Diraki, A, Mackey, HR, McKay, G, Abdala, A, “Removal of Emulsified and Dissolved Diesel Oil from High Salinity Wastewater by Adsorption Onto Graphene Oxide.” J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 7 103106 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Diraki, A, Mackey, H, McKay, G, Abdala, AA, “Removal of Oil From Oil–Water Emulsions Using Thermally Reduced Graphene and Graphene Nanoplatelets.” Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 137 47–59 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Koenig, SP, Boddeti, NG, Dunn, ML, Bunch, JS, “Ultrastrong Adhesion of Graphene Membranes.” Nat. Nanotechnol., 6 543–546 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Berlia, R, Kumar, MP, Srivastava, C, “Electrochemical Behavior of Sn–Graphene Composite Coating.” RSC Adv., 5 71413–71418 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Balandin, AA, Ghosh, S, Bao, W, Calizo, I, Teweldebrhan, D, Miao, F, Lau, CN, “Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene.” Nano Lett., 8 902–907 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Rajitha, K, Mohana, KN, “Application of Modified Graphene Oxide–Polycaprolactone Nanocomposite Coating for Corrosion Control of Mild Steel in Saline Medium.” Mater. Chem. Phys., 241 122050 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Selvam, M, Saminathan, K, Siva, P, Saha, P, Rajendran, V, “Corrosion Behavior of Mg/Graphene Composite in Aqueous Electrolyte.” Mater. Chem. Phys., 172 129–136 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Deshpande, PP, Jadhav, NG, Gelling, VJ, Sazou, D, “Conducting Polymers for Corrosion Protection: A Review.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 11 473–494 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Nautiyal, A, Parida, S, “Comparison of Polyaniline Electrodeposition on Carbon Steel from Oxalic Acid and Salicylate Medium.” Prog. Org. Coat., 94 28–33 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Camalet, J, Lacroix, J, Aeiyach, S, Chane-Ching, K, Lacaze, P, “Electrosynthesis of Adherent Polyaniline Films on Iron and Mild Steel in Aqueous Oxalic Acid Medium.” Synth. Metals, 93 133–142 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Jafari, Y, Ghoreishi, SM, Shabani-Nooshabadi, M, “Electrochemical Deposition and Characterization of Polyaniline-Graphene Nanocomposite Films and Its Corrosion Protection Properties.” J. Polym. Res., 23 91 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. ASTM D3359-Standard Test Method for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test, Tool and Tape (2002).

  53. Vargas, LR, Poli, AK, Dutra, RDCL, Souza, CBD, Baldan, MR, Gonçalves, ES, “Formation of Composite Polyaniline and Graphene Oxide by Physical Mixture Method.” J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., 9 29–38 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Yang, S, Zhu, S, Hong, R, “Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Nanocomposites Used in Anticorrosive Coatings for Environmental Protection.” Coatings, 10 1215 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Zhao, X, Liu, S, Hou, BR, “A Comparative Study of Neat Epoxy Coating and NanoZrO2/Epoxy Coating for Corrosion Protection on Carbon Steel.” Appl. Mech. Mater., 599 3–6 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Fazli-Shokouhi, S, Nasirpouri, F, Khatamian, M, “Polyaniline-Modified Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites in Epoxy Coatings for Enhancing the Anticorrosion and Antifouling Properties.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 16 983–997 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Palaniappan, S, “Chemical and Electrochemical Polymerization of Aniline Using Tartaric Acid.” Eur. Polym. J., 37 975–981 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kamaraj, K, Sathiyanarayanan, S, Muthukrishnan, S, Venkatachari, G, “Corrosion Protection of Iron by Benzoate Doped Polyaniline Containing Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 64 460–465 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Zhang, Y, Shao, Y, Liu, X, Shi, C, Wang, Y, Meng, G, Zeng, X, Yang, Y, “A Study on Corrosion Protection of Different Polyaniline Coatings for Mild Steel.” Prog. Org. Coat., 111 240–247 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Mirmohseni, A, Azizi, M, Dorraji, MSS, “Cationic Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Intercalated with Polyaniline Nanofibers: A Promising Candidate for Simultaneous Anticorrosion, Antistatic, and Antibacterial Applications.” Prog. Org. Coat., 139 105419 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Yang, X, Li, B, Wang, H, Hou, B, “Anticorrosion Performance of Polyaniline Nanostructures on Mild Steel.” Prog. Org. Coat., 69 267–271 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Pekmez, NÖ, Abacı, E, Cınkıllı, K, Yağan, A, “Polybithiophene and its Bilayers with Polyaniline Coatings on Stainless Steel by Electropolymerization in Aqueous Medium.” Prog. Org. Coat., 65 462–468 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Omar, FS, Numan, A, Duraisamy, N, Ramly, MM, Ramesh, K, Ramesh, S, “Binary Composite of Polyaniline/Copper Cobaltite for High Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor Application.” Electrochim. Acta, 227 41–48 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Manivel, P, Dhakshnamoorthy, M, Balamurugan, A, Ponpandian, N, Mangalaraj, D, Viswanathan, C, “Conducting Polyaniline-Graphene Oxide Fibrous Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization and Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine and Uric Acid.” RSC Adv., 3 14428–14437 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Mutalib, TNABTA, Tan, SJ, Foo, KL, Liew, YM, Heah, CY, Abdullah, MMAB, “Properties of Polyaniline/Graphene Oxide (PANI/GO) Composites: Effect of GO Loading.” Polym. Bull., 78 4835–4847 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Chang, K-C, Ji, W-F, Lai, M-C, Hsiao, Y-R, Hsu, C-H, Chuang, T-L, Wei, Y, Yeh, J-M, Liu, W-R, “Synergistic Effects of Hydrophobicity and Gas Barrier Properties on the Anticorrosion Property of PMMA Nanocomposite Coatings Embedded with Graphene Nanosheets.” Polym. Chem., 5 1049–1056 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Othman, NH, Ismail, MC, Mustapha, M, Sallih, N, Kee, KE, Jaal, RA, “Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites as Barrier Coatings for Corrosion Protection.” Prog. Org. Coat., 135 82–99 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Sababi, M, Terryn, H, Mol, J, “The Influence of a Zr-Based Conversion Treatment on Interfacial Bonding Strength and Stability of Epoxy Coated Carbon Steel.” Prog. Org. Coat., 105 29–36 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Bajat, J, Mišković-Stanković, V, Popić, JP, Dražić, DM, “Adhesion Characteristics and Corrosion Stability of Epoxy Coatings Electrodeposited on Phosphated Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel.” Prog. Org. Coat., 63 201–208 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. McCafferty, E, “Validation of Corrosion Rates Measured by the Tafel Extrapolation Method.” Corros. Sci., 47 3202–3215 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Hu, Z, Ma, F, Shen, L, Zhu, B, Yi, J, Zeng, Z, Li, Q, “Superior Anti-Corrosion Performance on Cu Substrate Achieved by Dense Polypropylene Coating with Ultrahigh Inhibition Efficiency Deposited via the Environmental-Friendly Method.” Corros. Sci., 191 1097 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Le, T-H, Kim, Y, Yoon, H, “Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Conducting Polymers.” Polymers, 9 150 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Ohtsuka, T, “Corrosion Protection of Steels by Conducting Polymer Coating.” Int. J. Corros., 2012 (2012).

  74. Wei, Y, Wang, J, Jia, X, Yeh, J-M, Spellane, P, “Polyaniline as Corrosion Protection Coatings on Cold Rolled Steel.” Polymer, 36 4535–4537 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Alrebh, A, Rammal, MB, Omanovic, S, “A Pyridine Derivative 2-(2-Methylaminoethyl) Pyridine (MAEP) as a ‘Green’ Corrosion Inhibitor for Low-Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Media.” J. Mol. Struct., 1238 130333 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Fan, W, Wang, H, Wang, C, Liu, Z, Li, K, Zhu, Y, “A sustainable Dynamic Redox Reaction Passive Film for Long-Term Anti-Corrosion of Carbon Steel Surface.” J. Colloid Interface Sci., 580 146–159 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Damian, A, Omanovic, S, “Electrochemical Reduction of NAD+ on a Polycrystalline Gold Electrode.” J. Mol. Catal. A Chem., 253 222–233 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Rout, T, Jha, G, Singh, A, Bandyopadhyay, N, Mohanty, O, “Development of Conducting Polyaniline Coating: A Novel Approach to Superior Corrosion Resistance.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 167 16–24 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Nguyen, N-T, Ho, S-S, Low, CL-N, “A Polymeric Microgripper with Integrated Thermal Actuators.” J. Micromech. Microeng., 14 969 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Diraki, A, Omanovic, S, “Smart PANI/epoxy Anti-Corrosive Coating for Protection of Carbon Steel in Sea Water.” Prog. Org. Coat., 168 106835 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Maurya, R, Siddiqui, AR, Katiyar, PK, Balani, K, “Mechanical, Tribological and Anti-Corrosive Properties of Polyaniline/Graphene Coated Mg-9Li-7Al-1Sn and Mg-9Li-5Al-3Sn-1Zn Alloys.” J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 35 1767–1778 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Zhou, S, Wu, Y, Zhao, W, Yu, J, Jiang, F, Ma, L, “Comparative Corrosion Resistance of Graphene Sheets with Different Structures in Waterborne Epoxy Coatings.” Colloids Surf A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 556 273–283 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Ding, J-H, Zhao, H-R, Zheng, Y, Zhao, X, Yu, H-B, “A Long-Term Anticorrosive Coating Through Graphene Passivation.” Carbon, 138 197–206 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Ramezanzadeh, B, Niroumandrad, S, Ahmadi, A, Mahdavian, M, Moghadam, MM, “Enhancement of Barrier and Corrosion Protection Performance of an Epoxy Coating Through Wet Transfer of Amino Functionalized Graphene Oxide.” Corros. Sci., 103 283–304 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Lu, H, Zhang, S, Li, W, Cui, Y, Yang, T, “Synthesis of Graphene Oxide-Based Sulfonated Oligoanilines Coatings for Synergistically Enhanced Corrosion Protection in 3.5% NaCl Solution.” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9 4034–4043 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to convey their gratitude to the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) under the QRLP postgraduate award granted to Mr. Ahmad Diraki, to the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC), and to the Chemical Engineering Department at McGill University.

Funding

This work was supported by Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) under QRLP postgraduate award and by the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 Rue University, Quebec, H3A 0C5, Canada

    Ahmad Diraki & Sasha Omanovic

Authors
  1. Ahmad Diraki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sasha Omanovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmad Diraki.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 51 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Diraki, A., Omanovic, S. Anticorrosive properties of the double-layer PANI-(graphene oxide)/epoxy coating in protecting carbon steel in saltwater. J Coat Technol Res 20, 995–1006 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-022-00719-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-022-00719-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation