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Antioxidant activity of unmodified kraft and organosolv lignins to be used as sustainable components for polyurethane coatings

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Abstract

The antioxidative capacity of four different kraft lignins (KL) and one additional organosolv lignin (OSL) was studied using the Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) assay. To do so, the corresponding FC assay procedure was adapted and optimized to be appropriate for lignin analysis. Different solvents were tested, and DMSO and saturated sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) for pH adjustment showed the best results. The absorption wavelength of 740 nm was chosen due to highest determination coefficients. Continuous calibration is recommended on a daily basis to guarantee accuracy. The antioxidant capacity and related radical scavenging activity of various lignins were correlated with the biomass nature (soft wood vs grasses) and pulping methods (kraft vs organosolv). The results show higher antioxidant activity for kraft vs organosolv lignins. First lignin-derived polyurethane coatings were prepared using the unmodified kraft lignin. The films, prepared via spin coating, show a high flexibility and transparency.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

BHT:

Butyl hydroxy toluene

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

FC:

Folin–Ciocalteu

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

KL:

Kraft lignin

LCF:

Lignocellulose feedstock

MDI:

4,4-Diphenylmethanediisocyanate

OSL:

Organosolv lignin

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PU:

Polyurethane

SEC:

Size exclusion chromatography

TEA:

Triethylamine

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TPC:

Total phenol content

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) program “IngenieurNachwuchs” project LignoBau (03FH013IX4). The authors gratefully acknowledge Zellstoff- und Papierfabrik Rosenthal GmbH (Blankenstein, Germany, MERCER group) for providing the black liquor. We gratefully thank Manuela Schebera, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, performing the AFM measurements, and Christian Rüttiger, Technical University of Darmstadt for TEM studies. Erasmus-Mundus Avempace-II and Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University/Graduate Institute for scholar ship (Abla Alzagameem).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany

    Stephanie E. Klein, Jessica Rumpf, Abla Alzagameem & Margit Schulze

  2. Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiß-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany

    Stephanie E. Klein & Matthias Rehahn

  3. Brandenburg University of Technology BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1, 03046, Cottbus, Germany

    Abla Alzagameem

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  1. Stephanie E. Klein
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Correspondence to Margit Schulze.

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Klein, S.E., Rumpf, J., Alzagameem, A. et al. Antioxidant activity of unmodified kraft and organosolv lignins to be used as sustainable components for polyurethane coatings. J Coat Technol Res 16, 1543–1552 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-019-00201-w

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