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Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Intrauterine Growth Restriction

  • Preeclampsia (VD Garovic, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

We highlight important new findings on cardiovascular dysfunction in intrauterine growth restriction.

Recent Findings

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a multifactorial condition which negatively impacts neonatal growth during pregnancy and is associated with health problems during the lifespan. It affects 5–15% of all pregnancies in the USA and Europe with varying percentages in developing countries. Epidemiological studies have reported that IUGR is associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension, activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), disruption in placental-mTORC and TGFβ signaling cascades, and endothelial dysfunction in IUGR fetuses, children, adolescents, and adults resulting in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Experimental studies are needed to investigate therapeutic measures to treat increased blood pressure (BP) and long-term CVD problems in people affected by IUGR.

Summary

We outline the mechanisms mediating fetal programming of hypertension in developing CVD. We have reviewed findings from different experimental models focusing on recent studies that demonstrate CVD in IUGR.

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Abbreviations

ACE:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

BP:

Blood pressure

CV:

Cardiovascular

CVDs:

Cardiovascular diseases

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

LBW:

Low birth weight

IUGR:

Intrauterine growth restriction

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

mTORC1:

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1

mTORC2:

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2

miR:

MicroRNA

NFκB:

Nuclear factor kappa beta

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

NOS3:

Nitric oxide synthase-3

RAAS:

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

RAS:

Renin angiotensin system

RUPP:

Reduced uterine perfusion pressure

SNAT:

Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter

TGFβ:

Transforming growth factor β

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Nancy Busija for the help in English correction of the manuscript.

Funding

This study was supported by AHA 16SDG27770041, ASN Kidney Research Career Development grant, and Start-up funds from Tulane University.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, #8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2699, USA

    Narayanappa Amruta & Suttira Intapad

  2. Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu

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Amruta, N., Kandikattu, H.K. & Intapad, S. Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Curr Hypertens Rep 24, 693–708 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-022-01228-y

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