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The Role of Gut Microbiota in Hypertension Pathogenesis and the Efficacy of Antihypertensive Drugs

  • Gut Microbiome and Hypertension (J Ferguson, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Heading

To review the relationship between intestinal microbes and hypertension and its impact on the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs, and help to address some of these knowledge gaps.

Recent Findings

Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular diseases and is the most important modifiable risk factor for all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of hypertension is complex, including factors such as dietary, environmental and genetics. Recently, the studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences the occurrence and development of hypertension through a variety of ways, including affecting the production of short-chain fatty acids, dysfunction of the brain-gut axis, and changes in serotonin content that cause the imbalance of vagus and sympathetic nerve output associated with hypertension. However, patients with hypertension typically take antihypertensive drugs orally on a long-term basis, and most antihypertensive drugs are absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have shown that the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of antihypertensive drugs may be influenced by microbiota, or antihypertensive drugs act directly on the intestinal flora to exert efficacy, including regulation of intestinal microbial metabolism, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal sympathetic nervous system disorders.

Summary

The intestinal flora can affect the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of antihypertensive drugs in the rats, and intestinal microbiota also can be the target “organ” by antihypertensive drugs.

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Author notes

  1. Yanling Xiong and Yalan Xiong contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China

    Yanling Xiong, Yalan Xiong, Peng Zhu, Yusheng Wang, Haijun Yang, Rong Zhou, Yan Shu, Honghao Zhou & Qing Li

  2. Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China

    Yanling Xiong, Yalan Xiong, Peng Zhu, Yusheng Wang, Haijun Yang, Rong Zhou, Yan Shu, Honghao Zhou & Qing Li

  3. Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China

    Yanling Xiong, Yalan Xiong, Peng Zhu, Yusheng Wang, Haijun Yang, Rong Zhou, Yan Shu, Honghao Zhou & Qing Li

  4. National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China

    Yanling Xiong, Yalan Xiong, Peng Zhu, Yusheng Wang, Haijun Yang, Rong Zhou, Yan Shu, Honghao Zhou & Qing Li

  5. Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, ShanTou, Guangdong, China

    Yusheng Wang

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  1. Yanling Xiong
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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Gut Microbiome and Hypertension

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Xiong, Y., Xiong, Y., Zhu, P. et al. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Hypertension Pathogenesis and the Efficacy of Antihypertensive Drugs. Curr Hypertens Rep 23, 40 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-021-01157-2

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