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Type 1 Diabetes, Sleep, and Hypoglycemia

  • Other Forms of Diabetes and Its Complications (B Wojeck and H Yaggi, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

To review the relationship between sleep and hypoglycemia, sleep characteristics, and their associations with glycemic control in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The effects of sleep interventions and diabetes technology on sleep are summarized.

Recent Findings

Nocturnal hypoglycemia affects objective and subjective sleep quality and is related to behavioral, psychological, and physiological factors. Sleep disturbances are common, including inadequate sleep, impaired sleep efficiency, poor subjective satisfaction, irregular timing, increased daytime sleepiness, and sleep apnea. Some have a bidirectional relationship with glycemic control. Preliminary evidence supports sleep interventions (e.g., sleep extension and sleep coach) in improving sleep and glycemic control, while diabetes technology use could potentially improve sleep.

Summary

Hypoglycemia and sleep disturbances are common among persons with T1D. There is a need to develop sleep promotion programs and test their effects on sleep, glucose, and related outcomes (e.g., self-care, psychological health).

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Kevin Grandfiled from the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing (Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science) for his editorial assistance.

Funding

Bingqian Zhu was supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission “Young Eastern Scholar” (China). The funding sources have no roles in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication.

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  1. School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Bingqian Zhu

  2. College of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Ghada Mohammed Abu Irsheed & Pamela Martyn-Nemeth

  3. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave, Suite 625E, M/C 640, IL, 60612, Chicago, USA

    Sirimon Reutrakul

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  1. Bingqian Zhu
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S.R. received speaker fee from Becton Dickinson, outside the submitted work. All other authors declared no conflict of interest.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Other Forms of Diabetes and Its Complications

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Zhu, B., Abu Irsheed, G.M., Martyn-Nemeth, P. et al. Type 1 Diabetes, Sleep, and Hypoglycemia. Curr Diab Rep 21, 55 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-021-01424-1

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