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The Prevalence of Diabetic Microvascular Complications in China and the USA

  • Microvascular Complications—Neuropathy (R Pop-Busui, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Diabetes Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Diabetes can lead to development of devastating microvascular complications, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and peripheral sensory and autonomic neuropathy. While China and the USA both face the threat of this major public health challenge, the literature is limited in describing similarities and differences in the prevalence, and risk factors for the development, of diabetic microvascular complications between these two countries.

Recent Findings

The current review discusses the following: (1) the most recent evidence on prevalence of diabetic microvascular complications in China and the USA (including downtrends of diabetes retinopathy and neuropathy in the USA); (2) differences in patient risk factors of these complications; (3) challenges and current knowledge gaps (such as lacking national epidemiological data of diabetic complications in China); and (4) potential future clinical and research opportunities (including needs in diabetes evaluation and management in remote areas and standardization of methods in evaluating diabetic complications across countries).

Summary

Diabetic microvascular complications remain to be health threats in both China and the USA. Further investigations are needed for comprehensive understanding and effect prevention and management of these complications.

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Abbreviations

ACCORD:

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes

BARI 2D:

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Intervention 2 Diabetes

CAN:

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy

CHES:

Chinese American Eye Study

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

DAN:

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy

DKD:

Diabetic kidney disease

DR:

Diabetic retinopathy

DSPN:

Diabetic sensory peripheral neuropathy

ESKD:

End-stage kidney disease

GLP-1:

Glucagon-like peptide-1

GRADE:

Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study

HbA1c:

Hemoglobin A1C

HKDR:

Hong Kong Diabetes Registry

MESA:

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

MSNI:

Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument

NHANES:

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

SGLT-2:

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2

SUPREME-DM:

Surveillance, Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

TODAY:

Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth

USRDS:

US Renal Data System.

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This work was financially supported by the Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Michigan Medicine and Peking University Health Science Center Pilot Award (No. BMU2018JI012; BMU2019JI005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Yu Kuei Lin, Lynn Ang, Kara Mizokami-Stout & Rodica Pop-Busui

  2. Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Brehm Tower 5119, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Yu Kuei Lin

  3. Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China

    Bixia Gao & Lili Liu

  4. Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China

    Luxia Zhang

  5. Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China

    Luxia Zhang

  6. Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China

    Luxia Zhang

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Luxia Zhang and Rodica Pop-Busui had the idea for the article and critically revised the manuscript. Bixia Gao, Lili Liu, and Yu Kuei Lin performed the literature search and drafted the manuscript. Lynn Ang and Kara Mizokami-Stout critically revised the manuscript.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Microvascular Complications—Neuropathy

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Lin, Y.K., Gao, B., Liu, L. et al. The Prevalence of Diabetic Microvascular Complications in China and the USA. Curr Diab Rep 21, 16 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-021-01387-3

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