Abstract
Heavy metals in PM10 have a negative impact on human health because of their inhalation exposure risk and toxicity. To explore the contribution of different sources of atmospheric particulate pollution to human health risks, the receptor model and human health risk assessment technique were combined to apportion health risk among different pollution sources. In this study, elements, water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) in PM10 were measured during the heating period at four sites in Wuwei, a typical agricultural city on the edge of the Tengger Desert with little industrial activity. Source apportionment of PM10 was conducted, and the health risks of ten heavy metals from different sources were assessed. The results showed that Cr had the greatest contribution to the carcinogenic risk (CR), whereas Zn had the highest concentration of heavy metals during the sampling period. The source apportionment results show that the mass concentration of PM10 was primarily from biomass burning, fugitive dust from urban surfaces and cooking. However, according to source apportionment based on the health risk, cooking contributed most to CR, followed by fugitive dust from urban surfaces, and biomass burning contributed the least. Moreover, the cumulative CR for adult females was greater than that for both children and adult males. It is necessary to strengthen the control of pollution source emissions with high health risks. This study can provide a scientific basis for the control of key substances and corresponding pollution sources based on health risks for developing environmental protection policies.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to Data Privacy Ordinance but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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This study was supported by the Key Research Program of Gansu Province, Grant No. 21YF5FA131, Science and Technology Department of Gansu Province.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Yufan Zhu, Qiang Chen, Guangyao Li, and Jing She. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Yufan Zhu, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Zhu, Y., Chen, Q., Li, G. et al. Source and health risk apportionment of PM10 based on heavy metals in a city on the edge of the Tengger Desert. Air Qual Atmos Health 16, 391–399 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01279-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01279-9