Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Additive Manufacturing of Pure Mo and Mo + TiC MMC Alloy by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion

  • Additive Manufacturing for Energy Applications
  • Published:
JOM Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A metal matrix composite powder of molybdenum (Mo) + TiC was produced by mechanical alloying (MA) and used in additive manufacturing by electron beam powder bed fusion along with pure Mo powder to form sandwich structures. The Mo + TiC solid layers formed mixed structures of Mo with discrete TiC particles, eutectic Mo + TiC, and Mo dendrites. Thermodynamic modeling showed that the system contained an invariant eutectic reaction in the composition range used and indicated that the system was highly sensitive to changes in composition and temperature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Igor L. Shabalin, Molybdenum,Ultra-High Temperature Materials I: Carbon (Graphene/Graphite) and Refractory Metals, ed. Igor L.Shabalin, (Dordrecht, Netherlands, Springer 2014) pp. 451–529.

  2. C. Agate and J.Vacek, Tungsten and Molybdenum, NASA Technical Translation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, (Washington DC, 1963)

  3. S.E. Landwehr, G.E. Hilmas, W.G. Fahrenholtz, I.G. Talmy, and S.G. Dipietro, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 497, 79 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. S. E. Landwehr, G: E. Hilmas, W. G. Fahrenholtz, and I. G. Talmy, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 91, 3, 873 (2008)

  5. J. Peng, E. Lara-Curzio, and D. Shin, Calphad 66, 101631 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. B. Tabernig and N. Reheis, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 26,6,728 (2010).

  7. A. Kumar, Brian Leonard Eyre, and John Wyrill Christian, Proc R Soc London A 370, 1743, 431 (1980).

  8. S. Tsurekawa and T. Watanabe, MRS Online Proc. Libr.,586 (1999).

  9. H. Kurishita, Y. Kitsunai, Y. Hiraoka, T. Shibayama, and H. Kayano, Mater. Trans. JIM,37,1,89 (1996).

  10. L. Mingyuan, F. Jinglian, C. Huichao, L. Yuehui, and T. Jiamin, Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 6, (2010).

  11. Y. Kitsunai, H. Kurishita, H. Kayano, Y. Hiraoka, T. Takida, and T. Igarashi, Sci. Rep. Res. Inst. Tohoku Univ. Ser. Phys. Chem. Metall., 45,1, 115 (1997).

  12. D. Wang, C. Yu, J. Ma, W. Liu, and Z. Shen, Mater. Des. 129, 44 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. W.W. Zhou, X. Sun, K. Kikuchi, N. Naoyuki, Y. Kyosuke and A: Kawasaki, Mater. Des., 146, 116 (2018).

  14. D. Faidel, D. Jonas, G. Natour, and W. Behr, Addit. Manuf. 8, 88 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  15. K.-H. Leitz, C. Grohs, P. Singer, B. Tabernig, A. Plankensteiner, H. Kestler, and L.S. Sigl, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 72, 1 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. J. Braun, L. Kaserer, I.Letofsky-Papst, K. -H. Leitz, H. Kestler, and G. Leichtfried, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 92,105283 (Trans 2020).

  17. P.K. Bai and W. Wang, Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 17,3,543 (2007).

  18. B. Liu, O. Bai, and Y. Li, Open Mater. Sci. J. 5, 194 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. C. Ledford, M. Tung, C. Rock, and T. Horn, Addit. Manuf. 34, 101365 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  20. C. Ledford, C. Rock, P. Carriere, P. Frigola, D. Gamzina, and T. Horn, J. Appl. Sci., 9,19, 3993 (2019).

  21. E. White, E. Rinko, T. Prost, T. Horn, C. Ledford, C. Rock, and I. Anderson, J. Appl. Sci. 9, 4843 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. J. Wright, Additive Manufacturing of Tungsten via Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting, The University of Sheffield (2020).

  23. A.T. Sidambe, Y. Tian, P.B. Prangnell, and P. Fox, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 78, 254 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. L. Thijs, M. L. Montero Sistiaga, R. Wauthle, Q. Xie, J. P. Kruth, and J. Van Humbeeck, Acta Mater., 61, 4657 (2013).

  25. H. Okamoto, Binary Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed. (Materials Park: ASM International, 2010), p. 181.

    Google Scholar 

  26. D. Bandyopadhyay, B. Haldar, R.C. Sharma, and N. Chakraborti, J. Phase Equilib., 20,3, 332 (1999).

  27. J. H. Shim, C.S. Oh, and D. Lee, Met. Trans. B, 27,6,955 (1996).

  28. R.E. Reed-Hill, Physical Metallurgy Principles, 2nd ed. (New York: Van Nostrand, 1973), p. 541.

    Google Scholar 

  29. S. Ida, N. Sekido, and K. Yoshimi, High Temp. Mater. Processes 39, 164 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. H. Fukuyama, R. Sawada, H. Nakashima, M. Ohtsuka, and K. Yoshimi, Sci. Rep. 9, 1 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. S. Uemura, T. Yamamuro, J. W. Kim, Y. Morizono, S. Tsurekawa, and K. Yoshimi, Mater. Trans., 59,1,136 (2018).

Download references

Acknowledgements

A portion of this research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Fossil Energy Program Office, Clean Coal and Carbon Management Program, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC and partially performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, an Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy user facility. The Talos F200X S/TEM tool is provided by US DOE, Office of Nuclear Energy, Fuel Cycle R&D Program, and the Nuclear Science User Facilities. This work was performed in part at the Analytical Instrumentation Facility at NC State University, which is supported by the State of NC and the National Science Foundation (#ECCS-1542015). The authors thank Paul Mason and Adam Hope at Thermo-Calc for their expertise in data translation and running selected models.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Christopher Rock & Timothy Horn

  2. Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA

    Edgar Lara-Curzio, Betsy Ellis, Christopher Ledford, Donovan N. Leonard, Rangasayee Kannan & Michael Kirka

  3. Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, TN, USA

    Betsy Ellis, Christopher Ledford, Donovan N. Leonard, Rangasayee Kannan & Michael Kirka

  4. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Timothy Horn

Authors
  1. Christopher Rock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Edgar Lara-Curzio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Betsy Ellis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Christopher Ledford
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Donovan N. Leonard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rangasayee Kannan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Michael Kirka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Timothy Horn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Michael Kirka or Timothy Horn.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rock, C., Lara-Curzio, E., Ellis, B. et al. Additive Manufacturing of Pure Mo and Mo + TiC MMC Alloy by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion. JOM 72, 4202–4213 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04442-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04442-8

Search

Navigation