Abstract
A series of single track clads of Inconel 625 alloy were fabricated by laser solid forming. To achieve the high dimensional accuracy and excellent mechanical properties, the effect of processing parameters on the geometry, the formation of Laves phase and the residual stress was investigated. The results show that laser power and scanning speed had a dramatical influence on the width and height of single-track clads. According to the columnar to equiaxed transition curve of Inconel 625, the grain morphology can be predicted during the LSF process. With the increasing laser power and the decreasing scanning speed, the segregation degree of Si, Nb, Mo, the volume fraction and size of Laves phase increased. Vickers indentation was used to demonstrate that optimizing processing parameter can achieve the minimum residual tensile stress.
摘要
为达到激光立体成形技术对Inconel 625 合金成形的高尺寸精度和力学性能的控制,本文通过单道单层的沉积实验研究工艺参数对熔池几何形状、Laves 相的形成和残余应力的影响。结果表明,激光功率和扫描速度对熔道的宽度和高度有较大影响。根据Inconel 625 合金的柱状晶―等轴晶转变曲线,可以预测成形过程中的晶粒形貌。随着激光功率的增大和扫描速度的减慢,Si、Nb、Mo 等元素的偏析程度增加,Laves 相的体积分数和尺寸也随之增大。采用维氏压痕法验证了优化后的工艺参数可以使溶道内的残余拉应力达到最小。
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
PAUL C P, GANESH P, MISHRA S K, BHARGAVA P, NEGI J, NATH A K. Investigating laser rapid manufacturing for Inconel-625 components [J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2007, 39(4): 800–805. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2006.01.008.
SHOEMAKER L E. Alloys 625 and 725: Trends in properties and applications [C]// Superalloys, 718, 625, 706 and Various Derivatives, 2005. TMS, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7449/2005/superalloys_2005_409_418.
WANG X Q, GONG X B, CHOU K. Review on powder-bed laser additive manufacturing of Inconel 718 parts [C]// Proceedings of ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. 2015: 8–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/MSEC2015-9322.
PAUL C P, JAIN A, GANESH P, NEGI J, NATH A K. Laser rapid manufacturing of Colmonoy-6 components [J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2006, 44(10): 1096–1109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2005.08.005.
HERZOG D, SEYDA V, WYCISK E, EMMELMANN C. Additive manufacturing of metals [J]. Acta Materialia, 2016, 117: 371–392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019.
KHAIRALLAH S A, ANDERSON A T, RUBENCHIK A, KING W E. Laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing: Physics of complex melt flow and formation mechanisms of pores, spatter, and denudation zones [J]. Acta Materialia, 2016, 108: 36–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.014.
ENGLISH C L, TEWARI S K, ABBOTT D H. An overview of Ni base additive fabrication technologies for aerospace applications [C]// 7th International Symposium on Super Alloy 718 and Derivatives, 2010. Pittsburgh, PA: TMS and ASM, 2010, 1: 399–412.
ZHAO Wei-wei, LIN Xin, LIU Fen-cheng, ZHAO Xiao-ming, CHEN Jing, HUANG Wei-dong. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser solid forming inconel 718 superalloy [J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2009, 36(12): 3220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3788/cjl20093612.3220. (in Chinese)
MING Xian-liang, CHEN Jing, TAN Hua, YANG Hai-ou, LIN Xin. Research on persistent fracture mechanism of laser forming repaired GH4169 superalloy [J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2015, 42(4): 0403005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3788/cjl201542.0403005. (in Chinese)
SCHIRRA J J, CALESS R H, HATALA R W. The effect of laves phase on the mechanical properties of wrought and cast + HIP Inconel 718 [C]// Proceedings of the Conference on Superalloys 718, 625 and Various Derivatives. Warrendale, PA, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 1991: 375–388.
ZHANG Yao-cheng, LI Zhu-guo, NIE Pu-lin, WU Yi-xiong. Effect of precipitation on the microhardness distribution of diode laser epitaxially deposited IN718 alloy coating [J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2013, 29(4): 349–352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2013.01.002.
ONO Y, YURI T, NAGASHIMA N, SUMIYOSHI H, OGATA T, NAGAO N. High-cycle fatigue properties of alloy 718 base metal and electron beam welded joint [J]. Physics Procedia, 2015, 67: 1028–1035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2015.06.196.
SUI Shang, CHEN Jing, FAN En-xiang, YANG Hai-ou, LIN Xin, HUANG Wei-dong. The influence of Laves phases on the high-cycle fatigue behavior of laser additive manufactured Inconel 718 [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2017, 695: 6–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.03.098.
YANG J, HUANG W D, CHEN J, LIN X. Residual stress on the laser rapid forming metal part [J]. Applied Laser, 2004, 24(1): 5–8.
MAZIASZ P J, PAYZANT E A, SCHLIENGER M E, MCHUGH K M. Residual stresses and microstructure of H13 steel formed by combining two different direct fabrication methods [J]. Scripta Materialia, 1998, 39(10): 1471–1476.
CHEN Yuan, LU Feng-gui, ZHANG Ke, NIE Pu-lin, ELMI HOSSEINI S R, FENG Kai, LI Zhu-guo. Dendritic microstructure and hot cracking of laser additive manufactured Inconel 718 under improved base cooling [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 670: 312–321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.01.250.
HU Y L, LIN X, SONG K, JIANG X Y, YANG H O, HUANG W D. Effect of heat input on cracking in laser solid formed DZ4125 superalloy [J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2016, 86: 1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.06.008.
ZHANG Mai-cang, CAO Guo-xin, DONG Jian-xin, ZHENG Lei, YAO Zhi-hao. Investigations on dissolution mechanism of laves phase in GH4169 alloy ingot based on classical dynamical model [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2013, 49(3): 372–378. (in Chinese)
LIU Fen-cheng, LIN Xin, YANG Gao-lin, SONG Meng-hua, CHEN Jing, HUANG Wei-dong. Microstructure and residual stress of laser rapid formed Inconel 718 nickel-base superalloy [J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2011, 43(1): 208–213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2010.06.015.
XIAO Hui, LI Si-meng, HAN Xu, MAZUMDER J, SONG Li-jun. Laves phase control of Inconel 718 alloy using quasi-continuous-wave laser additive manufacturing [J]. Materials & Design, 2017, 122: 330–339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.03.004.
XIAO H, LI S M, XIAO W J, LI Y Q, CHA L M, MAZUMDER J, SONG L J. Effects of laser modes on Nb segregation and Laves phase formation during laser additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloy [J]. Materials Letters, 2017, 188: 260–262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.10.118.
PICASSO M, MARSDEN C F, WAGNIERE J D, FRENK A, RAPPAZ M. A simple but realistic model for laser cladding [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 1994, 25(2): 281–291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665211.
RAPPAZ M, GANDIN C A. Probabilistic modelling of microstructure formation in solidification processes [J]. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1993, 41(2): 345–360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(93)90065-Z.
GANDIN C A, RAPPAZ M. A coupled finite element-cellular automaton model for the prediction of dendritic grain structures in solidification processes [J]. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1994, 42(7): 2233–2246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(94)90302-6.
GÄUMANN M, BEZENÇON C, CANALIS P, KURZ W. Single-crystal laser deposition of superalloys: Processing-microstructure maps [J]. Acta Materialia, 2001, 49(6): 1051–1062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00367-0.
REN Y M, LIN X, FU X, TAN H, CHEN J, HUANG W D. Microstructure and deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by high-power laser solid forming [J]. Acta Materialia, 2017, 132: 82–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.04.026.
ZHENG Lei, CHELLALI R, SCHLESIGER R, BAITHER D, SCHMITZ G. Intermediate temperature embrittlement in high-purity Ni and binary Ni(Bi) alloy [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2011, 65(5): 428–431. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.05.024.
HU Y L, LIN X, YU X B, XU J J, LEI M, HUANG W D. Effect of Ti addition on cracking and microhardness of Inconel 625 during the laser solid forming processing [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 711: 267–277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.355.
XU Jian-jun, LIN Xin, GUO Peng-fei, DONG Hong-biao, WEN Xiao-li, LI Qiu-ge, XUE Lei, HUANG Wei-dong. The initiation and propagation mechanism of the overlapping zone cracking during laser solid forming of IN-738LC superalloy [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 749: 859–870. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.366.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
YANG Hai-ou provided the concept and edited the draft of manuscript. ZHANG Shu-ya conducted the literature review and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. HU Yun-long analyzed the calculated results. LIN Xin and HUANG Wei-dong edited the draft of manuscript.
Corresponding author
Additional information
Conflict of interest
YANG Hai-ou, ZHANG Shu-ya, HU Yun-long, LIN Xin and HUANG Wei-dong declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Foundation item: Project(2018YFB1105804) supported by the National Key R&D Program of China; Project(2020-TS-06) supported by the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing (NPU), China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, Ho., Zhang, Sy., Lin, X. et al. Influence of processing parameters on deposition characteristics of Inconel 625 superalloy fabricated by laser solid forming. J. Cent. South Univ. 28, 1003–1014 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-4675-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-4675-0