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Direct Simulation of a Solidification Benchmark Experiment

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Abstract

A solidification benchmark experiment is simulated using a three-dimensional cellular automaton—finite element solidification model. The experiment consists of a rectangular cavity containing a Sn-3 wt pct Pb alloy. The alloy is first melted and then solidified in the cavity. A dense array of thermocouples permits monitoring of temperatures in the cavity and in the heat exchangers surrounding the cavity. After solidification, the grain structure is revealed by metallography. X-ray radiography and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry are also conducted to access a distribution map of Pb, or macrosegregation map. The solidification model consists of solutions for heat, solute mass, and momentum conservations using the finite element method. It is coupled with a description of the development of grain structure using the cellular automaton method. A careful and direct comparison with experimental results is possible thanks to boundary conditions deduced from the temperature measurements, as well as a careful choice of the values of the material properties for simulation. Results show that the temperature maps and the macrosegregation map can only be approached with a three-dimensional simulation that includes the description of the grain structure.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the French National Research Agency under projects SMACS (ANR-07-BLAN-0190) and Si-X (ANR-08-HABISOL-012-04), as well as by the European Space Agency under project CETSOL (ESA-4200014313).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mines ParisTech CEMEF UMR 7635, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France

    Tommy Carozzani (Ph.D. Student), Charles-André Gandin (CNRS Research Fellow), Hugues Digonnet (Research Fellow) & Michel Bellet (Professor)

  2. Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble SIMAP UMR 5266, 38402, Saint Martin d’Hères, France

    Kader Zaidat (Research Fellow) & Yves Fautrelle (Professor)

Authors
  1. Tommy Carozzani
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  2. Charles-André Gandin
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  3. Hugues Digonnet
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  4. Michel Bellet
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  5. Kader Zaidat
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  6. Yves Fautrelle
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charles-André Gandin.

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Manuscript submitted May 20, 2012.

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Carozzani, T., Gandin, CA., Digonnet, H. et al. Direct Simulation of a Solidification Benchmark Experiment. Metall Mater Trans A 44, 873–887 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1465-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1465-1

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