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Preparation of maximally-entangled states with multiple cat-state qutrits in circuit QED

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Abstract

In recent years, cat-state encoding and high-dimensional entanglement have attracted much attention. However, previous works are limited to generation of entangled states of cat-state qubits (two-dimensional entanglement with cat-state encoding), while how to prepare entangled states of cat-state qutrits or qudits (high-dimensional entanglement with cat-state encoding) has not been investigated. We here propose to generate a maximally-entangled state of multiple cat-state qutrits (three-dimensional entanglement by cat-state encoding) in circuit QED. The entangled state is prepared with multiple microwave cavities coupled to a superconducting flux ququart (a four-level quantum system). This proposal operates essentially by the cavity-qutrit dispersive interaction. The circuit hardware resource is minimized because only a coupler ququart is employed. The higher intermediate level of the ququart is occupied only for a short time, thereby decoherence from this level is greatly suppressed during the state preparation. Remarkably, the state preparation time does not depend on the number of the qutrits, thus it does not increase with the number of the qutrits. As an example, our numerical simulations demonstrate that, with the present circuit QED technology, the high-fidelity preparation is feasible for a maximally-entangled state of two cat-state qutrits. Furthermore, we numerically analyze the effect of the inter-cavity crosstalk on the scalability of this proposal. This proposal is universal and can be extended to accomplish the same task with multiple microwave or optical cavities coupled to a natural or artificial four-level atom.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 11074062, 11374083, 11774076, and U21A20436), the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2018B030326001), the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent, and the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (No. 2021ZD0301705).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China

    Chui-Ping Yang, Jia-Heng Ni, Liang Bin & Qi-Ping Su

  2. School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Yu Zhang & Yang Yu

  3. Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada

    Qi-Ping Su

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  1. Chui-Ping Yang
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Yang, CP., Ni, JH., Bin, L. et al. Preparation of maximally-entangled states with multiple cat-state qutrits in circuit QED. Front. Phys. 19, 31201 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-023-1357-4

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