Abstract
Previous research suggests that the peak of Chinese and Southeast Asian ceramic trade in Southeast Asia occurred after the late fourteenth century and possibly ended in the first half of the eighteenth century. This has led to a lack of understanding about what occurred with this trade after the early eighteenth century. This article identifies six shipwrecks from the region with ceramic assemblages dated from the last half of eighteenth to the early twentieth centuries: Samed Ngam, Diana, Tek Sing, Desaru, Francis-Garnier (Man Nok or Ruea Mail) and Tha Krai. By analysing the origins, typologies, dates, functions and selections of these ships’ ceramics, it is clear that the Chinese-made armorial, Chinese-made Bencharong and European ceramics offer diagnostic evidence of post-peak ceramic trading patterns. These ceramics were products for sale, remains of earlier ceramic shipments or utensils for on-board living. This body of evidence is comparable with that of terrestrial archaeological sites that suggest other cultural influences among the more recent maritime ceramic trade in Southeast Asia.
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Acknowledgements
This article is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Roxanna M. Brown (1946–2008), the founding director of the Southeast Asian Ceramics Museum, Bangkok University, who has contributed many publications on trade ceramics in Southeast Asia.
The authors would like to thank the Eighth Regional Office of the Fine Arts Department in Khon Kaen, the Thirteenth Regional Office of the Fine Arts Department in Songkhla, the Fourteenth Regional Office of the Fine Arts Department in Nakhon Si Thammarat, the Underwater Archaeology Division in Chanthaburi, National Maritime Museum in Chanthaburi, Preya (Thailand) Co. Ltd. in Bangkok, the Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre Archaeology Unit in Singapore, the APSARA Authority in Siem Reap, Cambodia, the Vietnam Institute of Archaeology in Hanoi, and the Heritage Department, Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism of Lao PDR, for supporting information.
Special thanks to Professor Dr. John Miksic, Dr. Viengkeo Souksavatdy, Dr. Nguyen Thi Mai Huong, Foo Shu Tieng, Michael Trautmann, Disapong Netlomwong, Kanlapangha Kiawmas, Siriporn Sanghiran, Phanuwat Ueasaman, Issarakul Khongtana, Kittipong Thawornwong, Thippawan Wongadsapaiboon, Pornnatcha Sankhaprasit, Wongsakorn Rahothan, Sira Ploymukda and David Kyle Latinis, for their supporting information and Matthew Butler for editing.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by AS, AM and CP. The first draft of the manuscript was written by AS and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Sukkham, A., Muhamad, A. & Pereira, C. Ceramic Assemblages from Shipwrecks in Southeast Asia from the Last Half of the Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Centuries. J Mari Arch 16, 277–331 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11457-021-09301-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11457-021-09301-4