Abstract
The trend estimate of vegetation change is essential to understand the change rule of the ecosystem. Previous studies were mainly focused on quantifying trends or analyzing their spatial distribution characteristics. Nevertheless, the uncertainties of trend estimates caused by spatiotemporal scale effects have rarely been studied. In response to this challenge, this study aims to investigate spatiotemporal scale effects on trend estimates using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) products from 2001 to 2019 in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Moreover, the possible influencing factors on spatiotemporal scale effect, including spatial heterogeneity, topography, and vegetation types, were explored. The results indicate that the spatial scale effect depends more on the dataset with a coarser spatial resolution, and temporal scale effects depend on the time span of datasets. Unexpectedly, the trend estimates on the 8-day and yearly scale are much closer than that on the monthly scale. In addition, in areas with low spatial heterogeneity, low topography variability, and sparse vegetation, the spatiotemporal scale effect can be ignored, and vice versa. The results in this study help deepen the consciousness and understanding of spatiotemporal scale effects on trend detection.
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Funding
The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP), No.2019QZKK0605; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.42071296
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Ma Dujuan (1994–), Master Candidate, specialized in the scale effect of quantitative remote sensing products and vegetation remote sensing.
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Wu Xiaodan (1987–), PhD and Professor, specialized in the validation of quantitative remote sensing products over heterogeneous land surfaces.
Data availability statement
MODIS Version 6 NDVI products, including MOD13Q1, MOD13A1, and MOD13A2, were obtained from the Google Earth Engine (https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/data-sets/catalog/modis). MODIS GPP product (i.e., MOD17A2H v006), the land cover types products (i.e., MCD12Q1 V6), and the DEM products (SRTM) were also obtained from the Google Earth Engine via the link https://developers.google.com/earthengine/datasets/catal-og/MODIS_006_MOD17A2H, https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/MODIS_006_MCD12Q1, and https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/CGIAR_SRTM90_V4, respectively. MOD13C1 were downloaded from the Land Processes Distributed Active Arcchive Center (LP DAAC) via the link https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod13c1v006/.
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Ma, D., Wu, X., Wang, J. et al. The spatiotemporal scale effect on vegetation interannual trend estimates based on satellite products over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. J. Geogr. Sci. 33, 924–944 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-023-2113-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-023-2113-y