Abstract
A quantum chemistry method was developed to calculate the Hammett substituent constants of various organic radicals. These newly obtained constants allow, for the first time, the quantitative analysis of the electron demand of organic radicals. Calculations reveal that the electron demand of organic radicals varies dramatically. It was demonstrated that the Hammett relationship of bond dissociation energies is determined only by the change of electron demand during the homolysis process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hansch C, Leo A, Tafts R M. A survey of Hammett substituent constants and resonance and field parameters. Chem Rev, 1991, 91: 165–195
Liu L, Fu Y, Liu R, et al. Hammett equation and generalized Pauling’s electronegativity equation. J Chem Inf Comput Sci, 2004, 44: 652–657
Luo Y R. Bond dissociation energies and the Hammett correlation, part 1: Remotely substituted aromatic compounds and vitamin E. Int J Chem Kinet, 2002, 34: 453–466
Li Z, Cheng J P. A detailed investigation of substituent effects on N-H bond enthalpies in aniline derivatives and on the stability of corresponding N-centered radicals. J Org Chem, 2003, 68: 7350–7360
Pratt D A, DiLabio G A, Mulder P, et al. Bond strengths of toluenes, anilines, and phenols: To Hammett or not. Acc Chem Res, 2004, 37: 334–340
Zipse H. Radical stability-a theoretical perspective. Top Curr Chem, 2006, 263: 163–189
Jiang X K. Establishment and successful application of the σJJ · scale of spin-delocalization substituent constants. Acc Chem Res, 1997, 30: 283–289
Liu L, Cheng Y H, Fu Y, et al. The nonpolar resonance effects and the non-Hammett behaviors. J Chem Inf Comput Sci, 2002, 42: 1164–1170
Clark K B, Wayner, D D M. Are relative bond energies a measure of radical stabilization energies? J Am Chem Soc, 1991, 113: 9363–9365
Pratt D A, de Heer M I, Mulder P, et al. Oxygen-carbon bond dissociation enthalpies of benzyl phenyl ethers and anisoles. An example of temperature dependent substituent effects. J Am Chem Soc, 2001, 123: 5518–5526
Pratt D A, DiLabio G A, Valgimigli L, et al. Substituent effects on the bond dissociation enthalpies of aromatic amines. J Am Chem Soc, 2002, 124: 11085–11092
Fu Y, Lin B L, Song K S, et al. Substituent effects on the S-H bond dissociation energies of thiophenols. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 2002: 1223–1230
Cheng Y H, Zhao X, Song K S, et al. Remote substituent effects on bond dissociation energies of para-substituted aromatic silanes. J Org Chem, 2002, 67: 6638–6645
Song K S, Liu L, Guo Q X. Remote substituent effects on N-X (X = H, F, Cl, CH3, Li) bond dissociation energies in para-substituted anilines. J Org Chem, 2003, 68: 262–266
Fu Y, Liu L, Lin B L, et al. Remote substituent effects on homolytic bond dissociation energies. J Org Chem, 2003, 68: 4657–4662
Fu Y, Liu L, Li R Q, et al. First-principle predictions of absolute pKa’s of organic acids in dimethyl sulfoxide solution. J Am Chem Soc, 2004, 126: 814–822
Hollingsworth C A, Seybold P G, Hadad C M. Substituent effects on the electronic structure and pKa of benzoic acid. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002, 90: 1396–1403
Song K S, Cheng Y H, Fu Y, et al. Radical stabilization energies of substituted XNH· radicals. J Phys Chem A, 2002, 106: 6651–6658
Feng Y, Liu L, Wang J T, et al. Homolytic C-H and N-H bond dissociation energies of strained organic compounds. J Org Chem, 2004, 69: 3129–3138
Zhang C. Quantitative approach to evaluate the intramolecular interaction of the appointed and unlinked groups or nonhydrogen atoms within organic compounds. J Phys Org Chem, 2008, 21: 426–432
Bohm S, Exner O. Interaction of two functional groups through the benzene ring: Theory and experiment. J Comput Chem, 2009, 30: 1069–1074
Cao C Z. Influence of steric and intramolecular inductive effects on the variable trends in R-X (R=Alkyl) bond dissociation energy. Sci China B-Chem, 2009, 52: 943–951
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, C., Fu, Y. & Liu, L. Theoretical estimation of Hammett σ p constants of organic radical groups. Chin. Sci. Bull. 55, 2904–2908 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-4015-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-4015-5