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Architectural proteins for the formation and maintenance of the 3D genome

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Abstract

Eukaryotic genomes are densely packaged into hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) structures that contain information about gene regulation and many other biological processes. With the development of imaging and sequencing-based technologies, 3D genome studies have revealed that the high-order chromatin structure is composed of hierarchical levels, including chromosome territories, A/B compartments, topologically associated domains, and chromatin loops. However, how this chromatin architecture is formed and maintained is not completely clear. In this review, we introduce experimental methods to investigate the 3D genome, review major architectural proteins that regulate 3D chromatin organization in mammalian cells, such as CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor), cohesin, lamins, and transcription factors, and discuss relevant mechanisms such as phase separation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (31871266 for C.L., 21573013 and 21825401 for Y.S.), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0100103 for C.L., 2017YFA0505302 for Y.S.), and NSFC Key Research Grant 71532001 for C.L.

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  1. Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Mengfan Li, Jingbo Gan, Yuao Sun, Zihan Xu & Junsheng Yang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences; Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Yuao Sun, Junsheng Yang & Yujie Sun

  3. Center for Statistical Science, Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Cheng Li

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Li, M., Gan, J., Sun, Y. et al. Architectural proteins for the formation and maintenance of the 3D genome. Sci. China Life Sci. 63, 795–810 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-019-1613-3

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