Abstract
Purpose
The adsorption-oxidation of Sb on manganese oxide plays an important role in controlling Sb mobility and fate in soils and sediments. Widespread organic substances such as microbes may greatly affect this process, and deserve a careful investigation. This study examines the adsorption and oxidation of Sb(III, V) on birnessite, a typical manganese oxide, with and without Bacillus cereus cells.
Materials and methods
Adsorption isotherms were conducted to explore the adsorption capacity of Sb to the birnessite–bacteria composite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to determine the valence state of Mn and the adsorbed Sb species.
Results and discussion
The SEM results show that birnessite adheres to the outer surface of bacterial cells, and the aggregation of minerals occurs to a lesser extent in the presence of cells. Batch adsorption results show a much larger Sb adsorption on individual birnessite than on bacteria, and the measured Sb adsorption to the birnessite–bacteria composite is larger than that predicted assuming additive, i.e., the sum of the end-member metal adsorptivities. On birnessite, Sb(III) is predominately oxidized to Sb(V) according to the XPS analysis, and the presence of bacteria hinders this oxidation reaction.
Conclusions
We propose that microbe−birnessite association favors the immobilization of Sb on solid phases, but can inhibit the oxidation of Sb(III) to Sb(V), which is of great significance for evaluating the toxicity, bio-availability, and mobility of Sb in both natural and contaminated environments.
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Funding
The study received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671475, 41907015), National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0800700), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019 M662782), and Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department, China (18B120).
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Du, H., Tao, J., Yang, R. et al. Bacteria affect Sb(III, V) adsorption and oxidation on birnessite. J Soils Sediments 20, 2418–2425 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02607-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02607-1