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Analysis of surface water area dynamics and driving forces in the Bosten Lake basin based on GEE and SEM for the period 2000 to 2021

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Abstract

As an inland dryland lake basin, the rivers and lakes within the Lake Bosten basin provide scarce but valuable water resources for a fragile environment and play a vital role in the development and sustainability of the local societies. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, combined with the geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technology, we used the index WI2019 to extract and analyze the water body area changes of the Bosten Lake basin from 2000 to 2021 when the threshold value is −0.25 and the slope mask is 8°. The driving factors of water body area changes were also analyzed using the partial least squares-structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The result shows that in the last 20 years, the area of water bodies in the Bosten Lake basin generally fluctuated during the dry, wet, and permanent seasons, with a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2015 and an increasing trend between 2015 and 2019 followed by a steadily decreasing trend afterward. The main driver of the change in wet season water bodies in the Bosten Lake basin is the climatic factors, with anthropogenic factors having a greater influence on the water body area of dry season and permanent season than that of wet season. Our study achieved an accurate and convenient extraction of water body area and drivers, providing up-to-date information to fully understand the spatial and temporal variation of surface water body area and its drivers in the basin, which can be used to effectively manage water resources.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the editors and reviewers for their comments and suggestions on our manuscript.

Funding

This research was carried out with financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2003205) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Xinjiang Local Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation) (U1503302).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China

    Xingyou Li, Yunfei Cai, Chunyan Cheng, Changjiang An & Weiwei Wang

  2. College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China

    Fei Zhang

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA

    Jingchao Shi

  4. GeoInformatic Unit, Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, USM, Malaysia

    Ngai Weng Chan

  5. College of Geographic Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China

    Changjiang Liu

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  1. Xingyou Li
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Contributions

XL: software, data curation, writing—original draft preparation, form analysis, methodology. CL: methodology. FZ: conceptualization, funding acquisition. CC, WW, YC, and CA: writing—reviewing and editing. JS and NWC: supervision.

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Correspondence to Fei Zhang.

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Li, X., Zhang, F., Shi, J. et al. Analysis of surface water area dynamics and driving forces in the Bosten Lake basin based on GEE and SEM for the period 2000 to 2021. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 9333–9346 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31702-2

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