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Efficacy of zinc-based nanoparticles in alleviating the abiotic stress in plants: current knowledge and future perspectives

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Abstract

Due to sessile, plants are unable to avoid unfavorable environmental conditions which leads to inducing serious negative effects on plant growth, crop yield, and food safety. Instead, various approaches were employed to mitigate the phytotoxicity of these emerging contaminants from the soil–plant system. However, recent studies based on the exogenous application of ZnO NPs approve of their important positive potential for alleviating abiotic stress-induced phytotoxicity leads to ensuring global food security. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the promising role of ZnO NPs as alone or in synergistic interactions with other plant growth regulators (PGRs) in the mitigation of various abiotic stresses, i.e., heavy metals (HMs), drought, salinity, cold and high temperatures from different crops. ZnO NPs have stress-alleviating effects by regulating various functionalities by improving plant growth and development. ZnO NPs are reported to improve plant growth by stimulating diverse alterations at morphological, physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural levels under abiotic stress factors. We have explained the recent advances and pointed out research gaps in studies conducted in earlier years with future recommendations. Thus, in this review, we have also addressed the opportunities and challenges together with aims to uplift future studies toward effective applications of ZnO NPs in stress management.

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Funding

The research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1200400), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. LZ22C130002), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U2202204).

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Author notes

  1. Ali Raza Khan, Wardah Azhar, and Xingming Fan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China

    Ali Raza Khan, Wardah Azhar, Zaid Ulhassan, Abdul Salam & Yinbo Gan

  2. Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 65020, China

    Xingming Fan

  3. National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Muhammad Ashraf

  4. College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China

    Yihua Liu

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  1. Ali Raza Khan
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  8. Yinbo Gan
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Contributions

Ali Raza Khan: conceptualization; writing—original draft; and prepared illustrations. Wardah Azhar: conceptualization, review, and editing. Xingming Fan: review and editing. Zaid Ulhassan: writing, review, and editing. Abdul Salam: review and editing. Muhammad Ashraf: review and editing. Yihua Liu: review and editing. Yinbo Gan: conceptualization, review, and editing.

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Correspondence to Yinbo Gan.

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Khan, A.R., Azhar, W., Fan, X. et al. Efficacy of zinc-based nanoparticles in alleviating the abiotic stress in plants: current knowledge and future perspectives. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 110047–110068 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29993-6

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