Abstract
Constructed wetland (CW), an ecological water treatment system, can purify and repair the damaged saline water body in an open watershed, but its repairing function is limited at low temperature under salt stress. In this study, two different plant species with slag-sponge layer were operated to enhance the purification effect of CW on the damaged saline water body. The results showed that the combination of Scirpus mariqueter and slag-sponges in CW had a better purification effect especially under the condition of salinity of 10‰ (S = 10) with a respective removal efficiency of 91.04% of total nitrogen, 80.07% of total phosphorus, and 93.02% of COD in high temperature (25 ~ 35 °C). Furthermore, ecological traits (enzyme activity and amino acids) of plants, the abundance and distribution of functional microorganisms on the surface of slag-sponges, and the microbial state on the substrate surface of the denitrifying zone of CW were analyzed to explain how exactly the combinations worked. It was found that the enrichment of functional microorganisms in slag-sponge and the anaerobic zone of plants have improved the nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Plants maintained high enzyme activities and the ability to synthesize key amino acids under salt stress to ensure the growth and reproduction of plants and achieve the assimilation function. Scirpus mariqueter combined with slag-sponges in CW effectively improved the purification effect of damaged saline water, indicating that it is an ecological and green saline water treatment way.
Graphical abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Not applicable.
References
Awad J, Brunetti G, Juhasz A, et al (2022) Application of native plants in constructed floating wetlands as a passive remediation approach for PFAS-impacted surface water. J Hazard Mater 429:128326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128326
Bae HS, Moe WM, Yan J et al (2006) Propionicicella superfundia gen. nov., sp. nov., a chlorosolvent-tolerant propionate-forming, facultative anaerobic bacterium isolated from contaminated groundwater. Syst Appl Microbiol 29:404–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2005.11.004
de Cássia Alves R, de Medeiros AS, Nicolau MCM et al (2018) The partial root-zone saline irrigation system and antioxidant responses in tomato plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 127:366–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.006
Feng S, Lin X, Tong Y et al (2018) Biodesulfurization of sulfide wastewater for elemental sulfur recovery by isolated Halothiobacillus neapolitanus in an internal airlift loop reactor. Bioresour Technol 264:244–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.079
Feng Y, Li Z, Long Y, et al (2022) Electro/magnetic superposition effects on diclofenac degradation: removal performance, kinetics, community structure and synergistic mechanism. Environ Pollut 292:118357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118357
Gao F, Liu G, She Z, et al (2021) Effects of salinity on pollutant removal and bacterial community in a partially saturated vertical flow constructed wetland. Bioresour Technol 329:124890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124890
Granse D, Titschack J, Ainouche M, et al (2022) Subsurface aeration of tidal wetland soils: root-system structure and aerenchyma connectivity in Spartina (Poaceae). Science of the Total Environment 802:149771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149771
He W, Li P, Yan H, Han D (2022) Long-term fasting leads to preferential catabolism of His, Arg, and branched-chain amino acids in the dorsal muscle of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio): potential preferential use of amino acids as energy substrates. Aquaculture 552:737967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.737967
Huang Z, Ruan S, Sun Y, et al (2022) Bacterial inoculants improved the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of Pyrus betulifolia under nitrogen-limited conditions by affecting the native soil bacterial communities. Applied Soil Ecology 170:104285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104285
Ji M, Hu Z, Hou C, et al (2020) New insights for enhancing the performance of constructed wetlands at low temperatures. Bioresour Technol 301:122722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122722
Kumar J, Singh S, Singh M et al (2017) Transcriptional regulation of salinity stress in plants: a short review. Plant Gene 11:160–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plgene.2017.04.001
Li W, Zhuang J long, Zhou Y yuan, et al (2020) Metagenomics reveals microbial community differences lead to differential nitrate production in anammox reactors with differing nitrogen loading rates. Water Res 169:115279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115279
Liu J, Lai DYF (2019) Subtropical mangrove wetland is a stronger carbon dioxide sink in the dry than wet seasons. Agric For Meteorol 278:107644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107644
Matamoros V, Caiola N, Rosales V, et al (2020) The role of rice fields and constructed wetlands as a source and a sink of pesticides and contaminants of emerging concern: full-scale evaluation. Ecol Eng 156:105971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105971
Morvannou A, Masson M, Gautier M, et al (2022) Fate of phosphorus from treated wastewater in soil-based constructed wetlands. Science of the Total Environment 816:151589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151589
Nguyen XC, Nguyen TTH, Le Q v., et al (2022) Developing a new approach for design support of subsurface constructed wetland using machine learning algorithms. J Environ Manage 301:113868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113868
Prasanna K, Sudarsan JS, Nithiyanantham S (2017) Wastewater treatment using combined biological and constructed wetlands technique in paper mills. Sustain Water Resour Manag 3:431–439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-017-0108-5
Puggioni G, Milia S, Dessì E, et al (2021) Combining electro-bioremediation of nitrate in saline groundwater with concomitant chlorine production. Water Res 206:117736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117736
Thiemer K, Schneider SC, Demars BOL (2021) Mechanical removal of macrophytes in freshwater ecosystems: implications for ecosystem structure and function. Sci Total Environ 782:146671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146671
Verbruggen N, Hermans C (2008) Proline accumulation in plants: a review. Amino Acids 35:753–759
Wang D, Lin H, Ma Q, et al (2021a) Manganese oxides in Phragmites rhizosphere accelerates ammonia oxidation in constructed wetlands. Water Res 205:117688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117688
Wang X, Zhu H, Yan B et al (2021b) Response of the microbial community to salt stress and its stratified effect in constructed wetlands. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:18089–18101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11937-z/Published
Wang X, Zhu H, Yan B, et al (2020a) Bioaugmented constructed wetlands for denitrification of saline wastewater: a boost for both microorganisms and plants. Environ Int 138:105628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105628
Xiao J, Huang J, Huang M, et al (2020) Application of basalt fiber in vertical flow constructed wetland for different pollution loads wastewater: performance, substrate enzyme activity and microorganism community. Bioresour Technol 318:124229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124229
Xiong Y, Zhu X, Hu J et al (2021) Effect of introducing amino acids into phenazine-1-carboxylic acid on phloem mobility. Nat Prod Res 35:4373–4379. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1716347
Zhang H, Tang W, Wang W et al (2021) A review on China’s constructed wetlands in recent three decades: application and practice. J Environ Sci 104:53–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JES.2020.11.032
Zhang Y, Li X, Cheng M, Zhao Z (2022) Enhancement effect of alkali slag material combined with salt-tolerant plant on purification of high salinity water in constructed wetlands. Res Environ Sci 35:161–172. https://doi.org/10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2021.06.20
Zhao S, Wang J, Feng S et al (2022a) Effects of ecohydrological interfaces on migrations and transformations of pollutants: a critical review. Sci Total Environ 804:150140. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2021.150140
Zhao Z, Cheng M, Li Y et al (2022b) A novel constructed wetland combined with microbial desalination cells and its application. Microb Ecol 83:340–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01752-5/Published
Zheng Y, Cao T, Zhang Y, et al (2021) Characterization of dissolved organic matter and carbon release from wetland plants for enhanced nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands for low C–N wastewater treatment. Chemosphere 273:129630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129630
Zheng Y, Sun Z, Liu Y, et al (2022) Phytoremediation mechanisms and plant eco-physiological response to microorganic contaminants in integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands. J Hazard Mater 424:127611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127611
Funding
The authors greatly appreciated the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51909157), Shanghai River and Lake Biological Chain Construction, and Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center (20DZ2250700).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Mengqi Cheng as well as material preparation, data collection, and former analysis with the help of Xiao Li and Xueqing Gao. Project administration was conducted by Zhimiao Zhao. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
All authors have approved the ethical requirements for this journal.
Consent to participate
All authors must have the right to withdraw their participation freely whenever they want and reassured that they will face no disbenefit from it.
Consent for publication
The authors confirm that this manuscript has not been submitted to any other journal for simultaneous consideration and has not been published elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in full), and its submission has been approved by all co-authors and by the responsible authorities at Shanghai Ocean University where the work was carried out.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Alexandros Stefanakis
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Highlights
• Scirpus mariqueter and slag-sponge in CW overcame salt stress and purified water.
• Actinobacteriata and Rhodocyclaceae at species level in CW2-P2 were distributed dominant for better purification.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Cheng, M., Li, X., Gao, X. et al. Effects of two plant species combined with slag-sponges on the treatment performance of contaminated saline water in constructed wetland. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 63592–63602 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26788-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26788-7