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Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 and chronic kidney disease: the Beijing Health Management Cohort, from 2013 to 2018

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Abstract

Long-term exposure to ambient particulate pollutants (PM2.5 and PM10) may increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the results of previous research were limited and inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships of PM2.5 and PM10 with CKD. This study was a cohort study based on the physical examination data of 2082 Beijing residents from 2013 to 2018 in the Beijing Health Management Cohort (BHMC). A land-use regression model was used to estimate the individual exposure concentration of air pollution based on the address provided by each participant. CKD events were identified based on self-report or medical evaluation (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2). Finally, the associations of PM2.5 and PM10 with CKD were calculated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. During the research period, we collected potentially confounding information. After adjusting for confounders, each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 exposure was associated with an 84% (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.33) and 37% (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.63) increased risk of CKD. Adjusting for the four common gaseous air pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2, O3), the effect of PM2.5 and PM10 on CKD was significantly enhanced, but the effect of PM10 was no longer significant in the multi-pollutant model. The results of the stratified analysis showed that PM2.5 and PM10 were more significant in males, middle-aged and elderly people over 45 years old, smokers, drinkers, BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, and abnormal metabolic components. In conclusion, long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with an increased risk of CKD.

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Data availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study are not publicly available.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81773512) and the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (grant number KM201810025008).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, Capital Medical University & Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You’anmen Wai Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China

    Lulu Liu, Xue Tian, Yuhan Zhao, Zemeng Zhao, Lili Luo, Hui Luo, Ze Han, Xiaonan Wang, Xiangtong Liu, Xiuhua Guo, Lixin Tao & Yanxia Luo

  2. Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, No. 390 Wenquan Street, Xiaotangshan Town, Changping District, Beijing, 102211, China

    Xiaoping Kang

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  1. Lulu Liu
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  2. Xue Tian
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  3. Yuhan Zhao
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  4. Zemeng Zhao
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  5. Lili Luo
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  13. Yanxia Luo
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Contributions

LL: conceptualization, writing — original draft; XT and YZ: data collected and analysis; ZZ, LL, and HL: writing — review and editing; XK, XW, XL, XG, and LT: methodology, validation, revised the work; YL: funding acquisition. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yanxia Luo.

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In the process of data provision, the personal privacy information of the research subjects has been deleted, so this article does not involve personal information and related ethical issues. This research was conducted in accordance with the 2013 edition of the Declaration of Helsinki and in compliance with national law.

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Liu, L., Tian, X., Zhao, Y. et al. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 and chronic kidney disease: the Beijing Health Management Cohort, from 2013 to 2018. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 17817–17827 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23251-x

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