Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is the primary cause of heart disorders and has been manifested as the condition with remarkable higher levels of very-low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, intermediate-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and cholesterol in blood circulation. Genetic causes or systemic metabolic illnesses like diabetes mellitus, increased alcohol consumption, hypothyroidism, and primary biliary cirrhosis are several reasons behind development of hyperlipidemia. Higher levels of lipids and lipoproteins in plasma are responsible for various health disorders in human body like occlusion of blood vessels, acute pancreatitis, and reduced artery lumen elasticity. Both primary and secondary prophylaxis of heart disease can be achieved through combination of pharmacologic therapy with therapeutic lifestyle adjustments. Statins which belongs to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are preferred for primary prevention of hyperlipidemia particularly for individuals at higher risk of development of heart disease. This review discusses the recent advancements and outcomes of nanoparticle drug carriers for statins in the therapy of hyperlipidemia.
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Abbreviations
- CAD:
-
Coronary artery disease
- CHD:
-
Coronary heart disease
- HDL:
-
High-density lipoprotein
- HPMC:
-
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- IDL:
-
Intermediate-density lipoprotein
- LPL:
-
Lipoprotein lipase
- LDL:
-
Low-density lipoproteins
- LDL-C:
-
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- NLCs:
-
Nanostructured lipid carrier
- PEG:
-
Polyethylene glycol
- PLGA:
-
Polylactic-co-glycolic acid
- PVA:
-
Polyvinyl alcohol
- PVP K30:
-
Polyvinylpirrolydone K30
- SLS:
-
Sodium lauryl sulphate
- SLNs:
-
Solid lipid nanoparticles
- VLDL:
-
Very low-density lipoproteins
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India 133207, and the School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, for providing facilities for the completion of this review.
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SS, NS, and TB: conceived the study and wrote the first draft of the paper; IZ, NK, SM, and YA: data compilation: IZ, ASH, and AS: figure work; TB, LA, and SB: proofread.
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Singh, S., Zahoor, I., Sharma, N. et al. Insights into the pivotal role of statins and its nanoformulations in hyperlipidemia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 76514–76531 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23043-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23043-3