Abstract
Water pollution is a constant challenge for humanity. Sustainable economic development and environmental protection through a green economy structure provide the opportunity to project a model of scientific, social, and economic flows. Considering new chemical use in water treatment, we tested two β-diketonates that we previously synthesized in the reaction between methyl ketone and diethyl oxalate under basic conditions. For water treatment, we used the appropriate salts of the mentioned compounds due to better solubility in water. In cooperation with the partner organizations PUC (public utility companies) Kragujevac, LTD (Private Limited Company), “Rudnik,” and FIAT (Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino), we conducted research on their wastewater treatment. The results appeared to be more convincing in practice than the conventional methods. As a result of the study, no negative effects exerted on living organisms were found. Therefore, we are on the right track for potential application in the treatment of drinking water. Appropriate β-diketonates were tested on twelve microorganisms (isolates from the wastewater and standard strains of bacteria and yeast). One of the two tested compounds showed promising antimicrobial activity. Further investigations showed that the tested compounds significantly reduce the concentration of heavy metals, which was confirmed by statistical calculations. Also, the main advantage of this method is a small volume of waste requiring disposal, no need for driving off excess moisture, used recyclability of the coagulants, reducing hazardous waste, and therefore reducing the costs for water treatment.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to professor Ljiljana Vukićević for the revision of the English language.
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Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Agreement No. 451–03-68/2020–14/200122).
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SB performed the water treatment analysis and evaluated the obtained results. FZB economic aspect and performed statistical calculations. MB performed statistical calculations and evaluated achieved results. AO evaluated the obtained results in microbiological investigations. JP participated in the synthesis of compounds, evaluation of the obtained results, in writing the manuscript. GR performed in vivo biological investigations and evaluated the obtained results. IR evaluated the obtained results in microbiological investigations. DS performed in vivo biological investigations and evaluated the obtained results. ZS performed the water treatment analysis and evaluated the obtained results. NJ participated in the synthesis of compounds, the creator of the idea and the writer of the manuscript.
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Experimental procedures followed the ARRIVE guidelines, the European Directive for welfare of laboratory animals N° 86/609/EEC and the principles of Good Laboratory Practice, and were approved by the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Branković, S., Bugarčić, M., Bugarčić, F.Ž. et al. Economic, ecological, and health aspects of β-diketonate application in the process of water purification. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 58703–58715 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19986-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19986-2