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Potential innovation against Alzheimer’s disorder: a tricomponent combination of natural antioxidants (vitamin E, quercetin, and basil oil) and the development of its intranasal delivery

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disorder (AD) is very difficult to manage and treat. The complexity of the brain, the blood–brain barrier influencing a multitude of parameters/biomarkers, as well as numerous other factors involved often contribute to the decline in the chances of treatment success. Development of the new drug moiety also takes time, being necessary to consider both its toxicity and related issues. As a strategic plan, a combined strategy is being developed and considered to address AD pathology using several approaches. A combination of vitamin E, quercetin, and basil oil in a nano-based formulation is designed to be administered nasally. The antioxidant present in these natural-based products helps to treat and alleviate AD if a synergistic approach is considered. The three active substances mentioned above are well known for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The nanoformulation helps the co-delivery of the drug moiety to the brain through the intranasal route. In this review, a correlation and use of vitamin E, quercetin, and basil oil in a nano-based formulation is described as an effective way to treat AD. The intranasal administration of drugs is a promising approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative and mental disorders, as this route is non-invasive, enhances the bioavailability, allows a drug dose reduction, bypasses the blood–brain barrier, and reduces the systemic undesired effect. The use of natural products is generally considered to be just as safe; therefore, by using this combined approach, the level of toxicity can be minimized.

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Abbreviations

AChE:

Acetylcholinesterase

Akt:

Akt/PKB (protein kinase B)

AMPK:

AMP-activated protein kinase

BACE-1:

Beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1

JNK:

Jun N-terminal kinase

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NRF2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

P13K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD2:

Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase

Tau:

Ubiquitin–proteasome

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Funding

This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, under grant no. KEP-36–130-41. The authors, therefore, acknowledge with thanks the DSR technical and financial support.

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Author notes

  1. Chenmala Karthika, Rokeya Akter and Md. Habibur Rahman equally contributed to this work as the first author.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India

    Chenmala Karthika

  2. NandhaAyurveda Medical College, Erode, 638052, India

    Anoop Pattanoor Appu

  3. Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh

    Rokeya Akter

  4. Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju, 26426, South Korea

    Rokeya Akter & Md. Habibur Rahman

  5. Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh

    Md. Habibur Rahman

  6. Bhabha Pharmacy Research Institute, Bhabha University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India

    Priti Tagde

  7. Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Ghulam Md. Ashraf

  8. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Ghulam Md. Ashraf

  9. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

  10. Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt

    Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

  11. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Syed Shams ul Hassan

  12. Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Syed Shams ul Hassan

  13. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary

    Areha Abid

  14. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028, Oradea, Romania

    Simona Bungau

  15. Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania

    Simona Bungau

Authors
  1. Chenmala Karthika
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  2. Anoop Pattanoor Appu
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  3. Rokeya Akter
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  4. Md. Habibur Rahman
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  6. Ghulam Md. Ashraf
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  7. Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
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  8. Syed Shams ul Hassan
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  9. Areha Abid
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  10. Simona Bungau
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Contributions

Chenmala Karthika: conceptualization and writing draft; Anoop Pattanoor Appu: reviewing; Rokeya Akter: writing and reviewing; Md. Habibur Rahman: Conceptualization, writing, reviewing and editing; Priti Tagde: reviewing; Ghulam Md. Ashraf: reviewing; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim: reviewing; Syed Shams ul Hassan: reviewing; Areha Abid: reviewing; Simona Bungau: reviewing and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Md. Habibur Rahman.

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Highlights

• Antioxidant of natural based products helps to treat and alleviate AD.

• Use of vitamin E, quercetin, and basil oil in a nano-based formulation is effective against AD.

• Administration of drugs is a promising approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative and mental disorders.

• Natural products that reduced toxicity are considered safe.

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Karthika, C., Appu, A.P., Akter, R. et al. Potential innovation against Alzheimer’s disorder: a tricomponent combination of natural antioxidants (vitamin E, quercetin, and basil oil) and the development of its intranasal delivery. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 10950–10965 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17830-7

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