Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Attenuating effect of Prosopis cineraria against paraquat-induced toxicity in prepubertal mice, Mus musculus

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This article was retracted on 25 September 2023

This article has been updated

Abstract

Several herbicides, especially paraquat, are persistent organic pollutants which cause damage to humans and animals through reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce exhibits antioxidant activity and can effectively manage tremors. Therefore, the present research assessed the preventive effect of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce ethanolic extract (PCDE) against paraquat-induced toxicity in prepubertal mice. The plant extract was chemically characterized by a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The PCDE was orally administered to prepubertal mice for continuous 21 days, 2 h before paraquat exposure (2 mg/kg for consecutive 3 days per week for 3 weeks). The changes in behavior, motor coordination, memory, muscle movement, anxiety, and neurotransmitter levels in the brain were assessed. Histopathology and estimation of oxidative stress parameters in the brain, liver, kidney, and heart tissues were also carried out. HPLC-DAD analysis showed a high amount of quercetin, kaempferol, and ellagic acid derivatives in the plant extract. The PCDE showed improved muscle coordination, muscle movement and memory, and reduced anxiety in prepubertal mice. Moreover, levels of dopamine and noradrenaline were increased in the brain. It successfully ameliorated the oxidative stress in different organs by increasing the level of glutathione and superoxide dismutase and by reducing malondialdehyde. The histopathological assessment showed the plant extract effectively mitigated paraquat-induced pathological lesions in the neurons, neuroglia, hepatocytes, and kidney tissues. It is concluded from the present study that the treatment with PCDE had prevented the paraquat-induced toxicity in the brain, liver, kidney, and heart through the reduction of oxidative stress possibly due to the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Change history

References

  • Ahmad M, Jabeen Q, Wajid M, Khan HMS, Bashir K, Mohammad I, Aziz M, Rehman J (2013) Time and dose dependent antipyretic investigations of ethanolic leaves and fruits extracts of Prosopis cineraria L.(Druce). J. Pharm. Altern Med 2:125–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Ait-Bali Y, Ba-M’hamed S, Bennis M (2016) Prenatal paraquat exposure induces neurobehavioral and cognitive changes in mice offspring. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 48:53–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar MF, Khan K, Saleem A, Baig MMFA, Rasul A, Abdel-Daim MM (2021a) Chemical characterization and anti-arthritic appraisal of Monotheca buxifolia methanolic extract in complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Inflammopharmacology 29:393–408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar MF, Raza SA, Saleem A, Hamid I, MMF AB, Sharif A, Sohail K, Javaid Z, Saleem U, Rasul A (2021b) Appraisal of anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory potential of folkloric medicinal plant Peganum harmala. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530321666210208211310

  • Bais S, Gill N, Kumar N (2015) Neuroprotective effect of Juniperus communis on chlorpromazine induced Parkinson disease in animal model. Chinese Journal of Biology 2015:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bastías-Candia S, Zolezzi JM, Inestrosa NC (2019) Revisiting the paraquat-induced sporadic Parkinson’s disease-like model. Molecular neurobiology 56:1044–1055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bithu BS, Reddy NR, Prasad SK, Sairam K, Hemalatha S (2012) Prosopis cineraria: a potential nootropic agent. Pharmaceutical biology 50:1241–1247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco-Ayala T, Andérica-Romero A, Pedraza-Chaverri J (2014) New insights into antioxidant strategies against paraquat toxicity. Free Radical Research 48:623–640

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czerniczyniec A, Karadayian AG, Bustamante J, Cutrera RA, Lores-Arnaiz S (2011) Paraquat induces behavioral changes and cortical and striatal mitochondrial dysfunction. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 51:1428–1436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorne J, Fink-Gremmels J (2013) Human and animal health risk assessments of chemicals in the food chain: comparative aspects and future perspectives. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 270:187–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • García-Andrade M, González-Laredo R, Rocha-Guzmán N, Gallegos-Infante J, Rosales-Castro M, Medina-Torres L (2013) Mesquite leaves (Prosopis laevigata), a natural resource with antioxidant capacity and cardioprotection potential. Industrial Crops and Products 44:336–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • George M, Joseph L, Sharma A (2012) Antidepressant and skeletal muscle relaxant effects of the aqueous extract of the Prosopis cineraria. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 48:577–581

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guerreiro PS, Coelho JE, Sousa-Lima I, Macedo P, Lopes LV, Outeiro TF, Pais TF (2017) Mutant A53T α-synuclein improves rotarod performance before motor deficits and affects metabolic pathways. Neuromolecular Medicine 19:113–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoogendam JP, Kalleveen IM, de Castro CSA, Raaijmakers AJ, Verheijen RH, van Den Bosch MA, Klomp DW, Zweemer RP, Veldhuis WB (2017) High-resolution T 2-weighted cervical cancer imaging: a feasibility study on ultra-high-field 7.0-T MRI with an endorectal monopole antenna. European Radiology 27:938–945

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y, Zhan H, Bhatt P, Chen S (2019) Paraquat degradation from contaminated environments: current achievements and perspectives. Frontiers in Microbiology 10:1754

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Islam M, Hassan N, Bloukh S, Shahwan M, Bhandare R (2019) Exploring the literature on Prosopis cineraria Linn. for its therapeutic potential and safety: a review. International Research Journal of Pharmacy 10:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janbaz KH, Haider S, Imran I, Zia-Ul-Haq M, De Martino L, De Feo V (2012) Pharmacological evaluation of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce in gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular disorders. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim J-B, Kopalli SR, Koppula S (2016) Cuminum cyminum Linn (Apiaceae) extract attenuates MPTP-induced oxidative stress and behavioral impairments in mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 15:765–772

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kulshreshtha M, Singh MP (2019) Pharmacognostic standardization and HPTLC fingerprinting of Prosopis cineraria; an Ayurveda mentioned plant. Pharmacognosy Communications 9:21–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahlknecht P, Seppi K, Poewe W (2015) The concept of prodromal Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Parkinson's disease 5:681–697

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mantovani A, Fucic A (2014) Puberty dysregulation and increased risk of disease in adult life: possible modes of action. Reproductive Toxicology 44:15–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mbuk RO, Sha'Ato R, Nkpa NN (2009) The role of paraquat (1, 1-dimethyl-4, 4-bipyridinium chloride) and glyphosate (n-phosphonomethyl glycine) in translocation of metal ions to subsurface soils. Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry 10:19–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCormack AL, Di Monte DA (2003) Effects of l-dopa and other amino acids against paraquat-induced nigrostriatal degeneration. Journal of neurochemistry 85:82–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagano-Saito A, Martinu K, Monchi O (2014) Function of basal ganglia in bridging cognitive and motor modules to perform an action. Frontiers in Neuroscience 8:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nandi A, Yan L-J, Jana CK, Das N (2019) Role of catalase in oxidative stress-and age-associated degenerative diseases. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019:1–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Napar AA, Bux H, Zia MA, Ahmad MZ, Iqbal A, Roomi S, Muhammad I, Shah SH (2012) Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Mimosaceae plants; Acacia modesta Wall (Phulai), Prosopis cineraria (Linn.) and Prosopis juliflora (Swartz). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 6:2962–2970

    Google Scholar 

  • Nazıroğlu M (2012) Molecular role of catalase on oxidative stress-induced Ca2+ signaling and TRP cation channel activation in nervous system. Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction 32:134–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nouri A, Heibati F, Heidarian E (2021) Gallic acid exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and nephroprotective effects against paraquat-induced renal injury in male rats. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 394:1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pareek AK, Garg S, Kuma M (2015) Prosopis cineraria: a gift of nature for pharmacy. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 6:958–964

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pateiro-Moure M, Nóvoa-Muñoz J, Arias-Estévez M, López-Periago E, Martínez-Carballo E, Simal-Gándara J (2009) Quaternary herbicides retention by the amendment of acid soils with a bentonite-based waste from wineries. Journal of Hazardous Materials 164:769–775

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peerzada S, Khan MT, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Hamid I, Akhtar B, Ali S, Ahmed S, Raza M (2020) Phytochemical, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and cytotoxic basis for the use of Haloxylon stocksii. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 33:887–894

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Postuma RB, Aarsland D, Barone P, Burn DJ, Hawkes CH, Oertel W, Ziemssen T (2012) Identifying prodromal Parkinson's disease: pre-motor disorders in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 27:617–626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad OH, Navya A, Vasu D, Chiranjeevi T, Bhaskar M, Babu KS, Sarma P (2011) Protective effects of Prosopis juliflora against Staphylococcus aureus induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Int. J. Pharm 2:172–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Preeti K, Avatar SR, Mala A (2014) Pharmacology, phytochemistry and therapeutic application of Prosopis cineraria linn: a review. Journal of Plant Sciences 3:33–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahman H, Eswaraiah M (2008) Simple spectroscopic methods for estimating brain neurotransmitters, antioxidant enzymes of laboratory animals like mice: a review. Pharmatutor Art 12:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribas V, García-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC (2014) Glutathione and mitochondria. Frontiers in Pharmacology 5:1–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saleem A, Saleem M, Akhtar MF, Rasul A, Baig MMFA (2020) Chemical characterisation, in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxicity and safety evaluation of Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) fee roots. Natural Product Research, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1797727

  • Sartori F, Vidrio E (2018) Environmental fate and ecotoxicology of paraquat: a California perspective. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 100:479–517

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivaraman T, Rajesh SS, Elango V (2013) In vivo studies on detoxifying actions of aqueous bark extract of Prosopis cineraria against crude venom from Indian cobra (Naja naja). Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 8:395–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sumathi S, Dharani B, Sivaprabha J, Raj KS, Padma P (2013) Cell death induced by methanolic extract of Prosopis cineraria leaves in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. International Journal Pharma Science Invention 2:21–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Suntres ZE (2018) Exploring the potential benefit of natural product extracts in paraquat toxicity. Fitoterapia 131:160–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talpate KA, Bhosale UA, Zambare MR, Somani RS (2014) Neuroprotective and nootropic activity of Clitorea ternatea Linn.(Fabaceae) leaves on diabetes induced cognitive decline in experimental animals. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences 6:48–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan D, Wang Y, Bai B, Yang X, Han J (2015) Betanin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in kidney of paraquat-treated rat. Food and Chemical Toxicology 78:141–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueno H, Shimada A, Suemitsu S, Murakami S, Kitamura N, Wani K, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T (2019) Anti-depressive-like effect of 2-phenylethanol inhalation in mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 111:1499–1506

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varçin M, Bentea E, Michotte Y, Sarre S (2012) Oxidative stress in genetic mouse models of Parkinson’s disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2012:624925–624925

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Velmurugan V, Arunachalam G, Ravichandran V (2011) Anthelmintic potential of Prosopis cineraria (Linn.) druce stem barks. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research 1:88–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Younus H (2018) Therapeutic potentials of superoxide dismutase. International journal of health sciences 12:88–93

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zafar M, Sharif A, Khan D, Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Akhtar MF, Fatima T (2020) Preventive effect of Euphorbia royleana Boiss on diabetes induced by streptozotocin via modulating oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid damage. Toxin Reviews, 1-14

  • Zeb A (2015) A reversed phase HPLC-DAD method for the determination of phenolic compounds in plant leaves. Analytical Methods 7:7753–7757

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng X-S, Geng W-S, Jia J-J (2018) Neurotoxin-induced animal models of Parkinson disease: pathogenic mechanism and assessment. ASN Neuro 10:1–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zulfqar F, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Akhtar B, Sharif A, Saleem U (2020) Chemical characterization, antioxidant evaluation, and antidiabetic potential of Pinus gerardiana (Pine nuts) extracts. Journal of Food Biochemistry 44:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support of Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/82), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. The authors also acknowledge Riphah International University for the provision of necessary facilities for experimental work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Furqan Akhtar, Muhammad Omer Mehal & Fareeha Anwar

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Ammara Saleem

  3. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmad El Askary

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

  5. Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt

    Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

  6. Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ayaz

  7. Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan

    Alam Zeb

Authors
  1. Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Muhammad Omer Mehal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ammara Saleem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ahmad El Askary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Fareeha Anwar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Muhammad Ayaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Alam Zeb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

MOM, MFA, and AS designed the study. MOM, MFA, MA, and AZ performed the experimental work. AS, AEA, MMA, MFA, and FA analyzed and interpreted the data. MFA wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Furqan Akhtar.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The animal study was approved by the Animals Ethics Committee, Riphah International University. All animal procedures were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Institute of Health for the care of laboratory animals.

Consent for publication

N/A.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30050-5"

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Akhtar, M.F., Mehal, M.O., Saleem, A. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Attenuating effect of Prosopis cineraria against paraquat-induced toxicity in prepubertal mice, Mus musculus. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 15215–15231 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16788-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16788-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation