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Effects of extreme temperature on respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, a temperate climate city of China

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Abstract

Under the global climate warming, extreme weather events occur more and more frequently. Epidemiological studies have proved that extreme temperature is strongly correlated with respiratory diseases. We evaluated extreme-temperature effect on respiratory emergency room (ER) visits for 5 years in Lanzhou, a northwest temperate climate city of China from January 1st, 2013, to August 31st, 2017. We built a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to evaluate the lag effect up to 30 days. Results showed the relative risk (RR) of respiratory disease always reached the maximum at lag 0 day and decreased to 1.0 at lag 5 days. Extremely low temperature showed the lag effect of 22 days and the maximum RR was 1.415 (95% CI 1.295–1.546) at lag 0 day. Extremely high temperature showed the lag effect of 7 days and the maximum RR was 1.091 (95% CI 1.069–1.114) at lag 0 day. The elders (age > 65 years) were at the greatest risk to extreme temperatures and the response were very acute. Children (age ≤ 15 years) were at the lowest risk but the lag effect lasted the longest lag days than other subgroups. Males showed longer-term lag effect and higher RR than females. Our study indicated that the extremely low temperature has a significantly greater effect on respiratory diseases than extremely high temperature.

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Funding

This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41975141).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Fengliu Feng, Yuxia Ma, Yifan Zhang, Jiahui Shen, Hang Wang, Bowen Cheng & Haoran Jiao

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  1. Fengliu Feng
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  2. Yuxia Ma
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  3. Yifan Zhang
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  4. Jiahui Shen
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  5. Hang Wang
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  7. Haoran Jiao
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Contributions

Yuxia Ma, Fengliu Feng, conceptualization, methodology, writing, and reviewing; Yifan Zhang, data curation; Jiahui Shen, Hang Wang, software; Bowen Cheng, analysis; Haoran Jiao, original draft preparation.

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Correspondence to Yuxia Ma.

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Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya

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Highlights

1. Effects of extreme temperature on respiratory ER visits were significant, especially the extreme low temperature.

2. Lag effect of temperature is obvious, especially from lag 0 to lag 5 days.

3. Children and the elderly are more sensitive to extreme temperatures.

4. The lower the extreme low temperature, the stronger the cold effect.

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Feng, F., Ma, Y., Zhang, Y. et al. Effects of extreme temperature on respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, a temperate climate city of China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 49278–49288 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14169-x

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