Abstract
The current study deals with the adsorption of hexavalent chromium using acid (H3PO4)-activated water caltrop (Trapa natans) shell (PWCS) using an up-flow packed bed column. Characteristics of breakthrough curve was obtained by investigating the effect of several operating parameters viz. inlet flow rate (2–6 mL/min), initial metal ion concentration (50–150 mg/L), and adsorbent’s column bed height (1–3 cm). Elevated time of breakthrough curve was reported with elevated adsorbent bed height and vice versa with enhanced initial metal concentration and inlet flow rate of sorbate solution. Process design and breakthrough curves under varying conditions were predicted by applying column models like Thomas model, Adams–Bohart model, Yoon Nelson model, and bed depth service Time (BDST). Column behavior was better described by the BDST and Thomas model and simultaneously gave a good fit with the experimental data of breakthrough curves. The percentage removal for Cr(VI) from aqueous solution having pH 2 and temperature 303.15 K was observed to be 52.46%. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 87.31 mg/g according to the Thomas model. Conclusively, phosphoric acid–modified T. natans shell (PWCS) showed better sorption potential for of Cr(VI) species from simulated wastewater.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmad AA, Hameed BH (2010) Fixed-bed adsorption of reactive azo dye onto granular activated carbon prepared from waste. J Hazard Mater 175:298–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.003
Almeida JC, Cardoso CED, Tavares DS, Freitas R, Trindade T, Vale C, Pereira E (2019) Chromium removal from contaminated waters using nanomaterials—a review. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 118:277–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.005
Banerjee M, Bar N, Basu RK, Das SK (2017) Comparative study of adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) ion from aqueous solution in fixed bed column by peanut shell and almond shell using empirical models and ANN. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 24:10604–10620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8582-8
Barakat MA (2011) New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Arab J Chem 4:361–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.07.019
Baral SS, Das N, Ramulu TS, Sahoo SK, Das SN, Chaudhury GR (2009) Removal of Cr(VI) by thermally activated weed Salvinia cucullata in a fixed-bed column. J Hazard Mater 161:1427–1435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.127
Bishnoi NR, Bajaj M, Sharma N, Gupta A (2004) Adsorption of Cr(VI) on activated rice husk carbon and activated alumina. Bioresour Technol 91:305–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00204-9
Chen S, Yue Q, Gao B, Li Q, Xu X, Fu K (2012) Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by modified corn stalk: a fixed-bed column study. Bioresour. Technol. 113:114–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.110
Cherdchoo W, Nithettham S, Charoenpanich J (2019) Removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic wastewater by adsorption onto coffee ground and mixed waste tea. Chemosphere 221:758–767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.100
Demirbas E, Kobya M, Senturk E, Ozkan T (2004) Adsorption kinetics for the removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions on the activated carbons prepared from agricultural wastes. Water SA 30:533–539
Dubey SP, Gopal K (2007) Adsorption of chromium(VI) on low cost adsorbents derived from agricultural waste material: a comparative study. J Hazard Mater 145:465–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.11.041
El-Sherif IY, Tolani S, Ofosu K, Mohamed OA, Wanekaya AK (2013) Polymeric nanofibers for the removal of Cr(III) from tannery waste water. J Environ Manag 129:410–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.004
EPA (1990) Environmental Pollution Control Alternatives. EPA/625/5-90/025, EPA/625/4-89/023, Cincinnati (accessed on 11/09/2019)
Goel J, Kadirvelu K, Rajagopal C, Kumar VG (2005) Removal of lead(II) by adsorption using treated granular activated carbon: batch and column studies. J Hazard Mater 125:211–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.05.032
Hasan SH, Ranjan D, Talat M (2010) Agro-industrial waste “wheat bran” for the biosorptive remediation of selenium through continuous up-flow fixed-bed column. J Hazard Mater 181:1134–1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.133
Jain M, Garg VK, Kadirvelu K (2013) Cadmium(II) sorption and desorption in a fixed bed column using sunflower waste carbon calcium–alginate beads. Bioresour Technol 129:242–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.036
Kan C-C, Ibe AH, Rivera KKP, Arazo RO, de Luna MDG (2017) Hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution by adsorbents synthesized from groundwater treatment residuals. Sustain Environ Res 27:163–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serj.2017.04.001
Kelly-Vargas K, Cerro-Lopez M, Reyna-Tellez S, Bandala ER, Sanchez-Salas JL (2012) Adsorption of heavy metals in polluted water, using different waste fruit cortex. Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C. 37–39:26–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.03.006
Kumar S, Selvaraju N, Prasanna VR (2018) Removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic solutions using water caltrop shell as a low-cost biosorbent. Sep Sci Technol 54:2783–2799. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2018.1560333
Luo X, Deng Z, Lin X, Zhang C (2011) Fixed-bed column study for Cu2+ removal from solution using expanding rice husk. J Hazard Mater 187:182–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.019
Lyu H, Tang J, Huang Y, Gai L, Zeng EY, Liber K, Gong Y (2017) Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by a novel biochar supported nanoscale iron sulfide composite. Chem Eng J 322:516–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.04.058
Ma H, Yang J, Gao X, Liu Z, Liu X, Xu Z (2019) Removal of chromium (VI) from water by porous carbon derived from corn straw: influencing factors, regeneration and mechanism. J Hazard Mater 369:550–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.063
Mahmoud MA (2016) Kinetics studies of uranium sorption by powdered corn cob in batch and fixed bed system. J Adv Res 7:79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2015.02.004
Majumder R, Sheikh L, Naskar A, Vineeta, Mukherjee M, Tripathy S (2017) Depletion of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by heat dried biomass of a newly isolated fungus Arthrinium malaysianum: a mechanistic approach. Sci Rep 7:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10160-0
Mohanty K, Jha M, Meikap BC, Biswas MN (2005) Removal of chromium (VI) from dilute aqueous solutions by activated carbon developed from Terminalia arjuna nuts activated with zinc chloride. Chem Eng Sci 60:3049–3059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.049
Owalude SO, Tella AC (2016) Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by adsorption on modified groundnut hull. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 5:377–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjbas.2016.11.005
Patra C, Medisetti RMN, Pakshirajan K, Narayanasamy S (2019) Assessment of raw, acid-modified and chelated biomass for sequestration of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using Sterculia villosa Roxb. shells. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(23):23625–23637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05582-4
Pillai MG, Simha P, Gugalia A (2014) Recovering urea from human urine by bio-sorption onto microwave activated carbonized coconut shells: equilibrium, kinetics, optimization and field studies. J Environ Chem Eng 2:46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.11.027
Radnia H (2013) Adsorption of Fe(II) from aqueous phase by chitosan: application of physical models and artificial neural network for prediction of breakthrough. Int J Eng 26. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ije.2013.26.08b.06
Rai MK, Shahi G, Meena V, Meena R, Chakraborty S, Singh RS, Rai BN (2016) Removal of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) using activated carbon prepared from mango kernel activated with H3PO4. Resour.-Effic. Technol. 2:S63–S70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reffit.2016.11.011
Rai PK, Lee SS, Zhang M, Tsang YF, Kim K-H (2019) Heavy metals in food crops: health risks, fate, mechanisms, and management. Environ Int 125:365–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.067
Rangabhashiyam S, Nandagopal MS, Nakkeeran E, Selvaraju N (2016) Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from synthetic and electroplating effluent on chemically modified Swietenia mahagoni shell in a packed bed column. Environ Monit Assess 188:411–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5415-z
Sharma R, Singh B (2013) Removal of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solutions using modified rice straw in a fixed bed column. Bioresour Technol 146:519–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.146
Singha B, Naiya TK, Bhattacharya AK, Das SK (2011) Cr(VI) ions removal from aqueous solutions using natural adsorbents—FTIR studies. J Environ Prot 2:729–735. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2011.26084
Talat M, Mohan S, Dixit V, Singh DK, Hasan SH, Srivastava ON (2018) Effective removal of fluoride from water by coconut husk activated carbon in fixed bed column: experimental and breakthrough curves analysis. Groundw Sustain Dev 7:48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2018.03.001
Vimala R, Charumathi D, Das N (2011) Packed bed column studies on cd(II) removal from industrial wastewater by macrofungus Pleurotus platypus. Desalination 275:291–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.014
Vinodhini V, Das N (2010) Packed bed column studies on Cr (VI) removal from tannery wastewater by neem sawdust. Desalination 264:9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.06.073
World Health Organization (2004) Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, third ed. World Health Organization, Geneva ISBN 92 4 154638 7
Yu J, Jiang C, Guan Q, Ning P, Gu J, Chen Q, Zhang J, Miao R (2018) Enhanced removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by supported ZnO nanoparticles on biochar derived from waste water hyacinth. Chemosphere 195:632–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.128
Yüksel Ş, Orhan R (2019) The removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from apricot, peach stone and almond shell mixture in a fixed-bed column. Arab J Sci Eng 44:5345–5357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-018-3618-z
Zang T, Cheng Z, Lu L, Jin Y, Xu X, Ding W, Qu J (2017) Removal of Cr(VI) by modified and immobilized Auricularia auricula spent substrate in a fixed-bed column. Ecol Eng 99:358–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.11.070
Zhang X, Lv L, Qin Y, Xu M, Jia X, Chen Z (2018) Removal of aqueous Cr(VI) by a magnetic biochar derived from Melia azedarach wood. Bioresour Technol 256:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.145
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, for providing the necessary facilities for this research work. The authors also acknowledge the Central Instrument Facilities (CIF), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, for characterization of the adsorbent.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, S., Patra, C., Narayanasamy, S. et al. Performance of acid-activated water caltrop (Trapa natans) shell in fixed bed column for hexavalent chromium removal from simulated wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 28042–28052 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09155-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09155-8