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Comparative trachea transcriptome analysis in SPF broiler chickens infected with avian infectious bronchitis and avian influenza viruses

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Abstract

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) are two major respiratory infections in chickens. The coinfection of these viruses can cause significant financial losses and severe complications in the poultry industry across the world. To examine transcriptome profile changes during the early stages of infection, differential transcriptional profiles in tracheal tissue of three infected groups (i.e., IBV, AIV, and coinfected) were compared with the control group. Specific-pathogen-free chickens were challenged with Iranian variant-2-like IBV (IS/1494), UT-Barin isolates of H9N2 (A/chicken/Mashhad/UT-Barin/2017), and IBV-AIV coinfection; then, RNA was extracted from tracheal tissue. The Illumina RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technique was employed to investigate changes in the Transcriptome. Up- and downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the trachea transcriptome of all groups. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology databases were examined to identify possible relationships between DEGs. In the experimental groups, upregulated genes were higher compared to downregulated genes. A more severe immune response was observed in the coinfected group; further, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, RIG-I-like receptor signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling, Janus kinase/signal transducer, and activator of transcription, and apoptotic pathways were important upregulated genes in this group. The findings of this paper may give a better understanding of transcriptome changes in the trachea during the early stages of infection with these viruses.

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taken from the coinfected group (the error bars indicate 95% CI)

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Sheikh Bahaei National High-Performance Computing Center (SBNHPCC) for donating computing resources and time. SBNHPCC is supported by the Scientific and Technological Department of the Presidential Office and the Isfahan University of Technology.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, PO Box: 1419963111, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran

    Seyed Hossein Zamzam, Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi & Ali Reza Khosravi

Authors
  1. Seyed Hossein Zamzam
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  2. Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
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  3. Ali Reza Khosravi
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study's conception and design. SHZ, AG, and AK performed material preparation, data collection, and analysis. SHZ wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi.

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Conflict of interest

All the authors approved the final manuscript for publication. In addition, the authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Ethical approval

No humans were used in the present study. Ethical considerations were observed following the principles of the University of Tehran under sterile conditions. In addition, the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (code: UT1397612).

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Zamzam, S.H., Ghalyanchilangeroudi, A. & Khosravi, A.R. Comparative trachea transcriptome analysis in SPF broiler chickens infected with avian infectious bronchitis and avian influenza viruses. Virus Genes 58, 203–213 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-022-01893-w

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