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Production, characterization, and dietary supplementation effect of rumen-protected fat on ruminal function and blood parameters of sheep

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Abstract

Rumen-protected fat (RPF) was produced in the 1st experimental stage through melt-emulsification technique using buriti oil (BO) as core, at concentrations of 10% (BO10), 20% (BO20), and 30% (BO30) (w/w), and carnauba wax (CW) as encapsulant material. After obtention and characterization, protected fat microspheres were tested in a 2nd experimental stage on the sheep’ diet using six castrated 2-year-old male Santa Ines with initial weight 48.9 ± 5.23 kg, fistulated in rumen and distributed in a double Latin square design with 3 treatments × 3 periods, to evaluate rumen pH, temperature, protozoal count, and blood parameters. There was no difference (P > 0.05) among RPF microspheres for microencapsulation yield. However, microencapsulation efficiency increased (P < 0.05) with BO addition ranging from 36 to 61.3% for BO10 and BO30, respectively. The inclusion of BO10 in the sheep’s diet did not affect the ruminal dry matter degradability (DMD) of BO over time (P > 0.05); however, BO20 and BO30 had higher (P < 0.05) DMD values than BO10. No significant differences were observed among RPF for rumen pH and temperature (P > 0.05). There was an increase (P < 0.05) in the protozoal population in the rumen environment due to the microencapsulated BO30 inclusion. There was also increase (P < 0.05) in serum albumin, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and a reduction (P < 0.05) in serum triglycerides of the sheep when RPF microspheres increased in the diet. Melt-emulsification proved to be a good technique for microencapsulation of buriti oil into the carnauba wax matrix. RPF from buriti oil protected into carnauba wax is recommended for sheep diet because it increases energy density, without adverse effects on the protozoal populations and blood serum metabolites from the bypass effect in the rumen.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

Funding

The research was financially supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brazil), with grant Number 423933/2021–3.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil

    Joana A. M. de Lima, Leilson R. Bezerra, Thiago J. de O. Feitosa, José M. Pereira Filho & André L. da Silva

  2. Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60451970, Brazil

    Jéssica R. Oliveira, Diego L. V. de Oliveira & Selma E. Mazzetto

  3. Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations, National Institute of Semi-Arid, Campina Grande, 58434700, Brazil

    Mônica T. Cavalcanti

  4. Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170115, Brazil

    Ronaldo L. Oliveira

  5. Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Nossa Senhora da Glória, Sergipe, 49680000, Brazil

    Juliana P. F. de Oliveira

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  1. Joana A. M. de Lima
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Contributions

JL, LB, and AS conceived and designed research. AS supervision, LB funding acquisition. JL, TF, and JO conducted experiments. JEO, DO, MC, and SM contributed with new reagents or analytical tools. JPF, RO, and JO analyzed data. JL wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Leilson R. Bezerra.

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All procedures followed the guidelines recommended by the National Ethical Committee for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA, Brazil) recommendation for the use of fistulated animals (Approval Protocol Number 35/2020).

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de Lima, J.A.M., Bezerra, L.R., Feitosa, T.J.d.O. et al. Production, characterization, and dietary supplementation effect of rumen-protected fat on ruminal function and blood parameters of sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 55, 142 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03563-x

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