Snapshots

Musing over half a century of interactions with Alan Mackay, a rich array of images of past occasions emerges, personal as well as professional. Some are serious, some playful and some approaching the bizarre. Leafing through a few of these snapshots, I attempt to illustrate some of those aspects of Alan that have demonstrated to me not just his broad radical intellectual imagination, but also his generosity and humanity.


PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
Let me begin by saying that I enthusiastically look forward to this year of service as President of the Administrative Committee (AdCom). After lengthy consideration, I have decided to concentrate my efforts during the year in three areas that directly involve our Group membership. These areas are: (1) establishing Group Level Technical Committees, (2) upgrading the technical and educational level of our membership, and (3) increasing Group membership.
Group Level Technical Comnd:ttees offer···a ---tremendous potential for both better defining the varied areas of EMC interest and publicizing this interest in other engineering disciplines. As presently visualized, there would be approximately 8 Technical Committees in areas that our Group membership could easily relate to. Committee chairmen will be designated by AdCom, and will in turn select a core of 2-4 Group mem-

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EDITOR: ROBERT D. GOLDBLUM bers to work with them. Additional Committee members will then be solicited from the · total Group membership , with a goal of 8 -12 active and technically competent members on each Committee. Each Committee, within its area of responsibility, will (1) provide an international point-of-contact for technical expertise, (2) assist the Transactions Editor by reviewing papers submitted for publication, (3) organize technical sessions for our annual Symposium or for other conferences desiring a session on EMC, and (4) identify the need and prepare draft material for technical standards. These Com.~ittees will have national stature and will provide the primary focal point about which technical activities at the Group level resolve . To assist in accomplishing these responsibilities, a budget will be made available to each Committee Chairman and will be spent at his discretion to further the Committee's technical in terests.
As you are well aware, technological developments continue to expand at a rapid rate and in directions unanticipated even a few years ago. These developments not only make concern with EMC more critical than ever before, but also increase the difficulty in staying abreast of a changing technical sit-·-uat-ion.
Consecyuently, there is an e ver-increasing need for more educational opportunities geared to the EMC engineer. As presently visualized, AdCom promotion of these education opportunities will involve encouraging the presentation of currently offered commercial EMC short courses with their emphasis on practical applications.
Simultaneously, the development and presentation of courses that present more theoretical instruc-tion of interest to EMC engineers will also be encouraged. These latter courses can perhaps be annually presented at selected educational institutions and provide written materials that will evolve into comprehensive EMC texts . A further educational benefit can probably be realized by incorporating high quality tutorial courses directly into the format of our annual Symposium . Additionally , it is hoped that selected educational institutions can be persuaded to offer a graduate degree structured around a core of electrical engineering and management course of interest to the EMC engineer . These courses would emphasize e lectromagnetic t h eory and systems plus the techn ical aspects of engineering management.
The degree might be designated a graduate Degree in Applied Electromagnetics.
Regarding efforts to increase Group membership, innovative approaches are still being formulated.
It is expected that these approaches will involve providing effective incentives by which local EMC Chapters will be encouraged to acquire new members . It is at the local level that the personal contact and knowledge of individual interests exists ; therefore, the major thrust of our membership campaign should be directed there . Obviously, the emphasis on Technical Committees and improved educational opportunites will result in a more attractive professional Group , and this will also help to increase our membership .
In conclusion, it is noted that our previous leadership has left the Group in a strong technical and financial position . Our task this y ear will be one of building on this position to provide an EMC Group that serves even more its membership and the engineering profession of which we are a part . We wish to thank all nominees for their willingness to serve and for permitting their names to be included on this ballot.

DANIELS CONTINUES HIS CONVALESCENCE
Rexford Daniels who suffered a stroke nearly a y ear ago is continuing his convalescence at his home in Concord, Mass . Re x is best known for his services as editor of the IEEE-EMC Newsletter for over ten years and c ontinuing as a consulting editor for over 8 years . His friends and associates are encouraged to keep sending cards and good wishes to Rex at P . O. Box 129, Concord, Mass . 01742 .

JOE FISHER
The EMC personality for this issue of the IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Group Newsletter is "Navy Joe" -Joseph J. Fisher of the Naval Air Systems Command. Joe has been a distinguished figure in the EMC community for many years.
Joe was born, raised, and educated in Plymouth, Pennsylvania. During World War II, he served in Naval Aviation aboard the USS Tuscaloosa (CA-37} and shore-based squadrons at various air stations covering a period of six years. Following the war, he studied electronics engineering in Philadelphia and Kansas, Missouri. Joe became a senior instructor in electronics and communications at Capital Radio Engineering Institute in Washington, DC. Joe has been particularly active in establishing committees to consider new ideas for designing instrumentation and procedures for measuring hazard levels.
In addition, some new terminology had to be created for this project.
It is difficult to single out the most outstanding feats of Joe's career, but he considers his brainchild involving a large number of ships and aircraft gathered together for one month of .dedicated EMC testing as one of the most eventful . Counting all support requirements more than 20,000 individuals were engaged in this mission. He considers his contribution to the RAD-HAZ program as equally important.
He is a senior member of the IEEE and is in the first year of a second three-year term on the G-EMC Administrative Cornrniteee for Electromagnetic Compatibility. On the ADCOM, he.heads the subcommittee for EMC education.
Navy Joe Fisher claims he has something big going for him. Whenever something good is said, done, or written by any Joe Fisher, he claims authorship. To the contrary, anything bad or mediocre, Joe attribute$ to Litton Joe Fisher, who works on the West Coast. -1951 -1955 -1965 -1967 -1968 -1973 Instruction

New Jersey Coast
In November '74, the Chapter was introduced to the new "cellular" communications concept for the land mobile services by a member of the Bell Labs staff. To start off this year's technical series for this chapter, the October meeting featured Gerald DiPiazza, also of Bell Labs, who presented a talk titled "Ultra High Frequency Field Test Related to High-capacity Mobile Communications." Although descri.bed as a "brief tutorial," Gerry DiPiazza's paper turned out to combine both background matter and some extremely interesting results of measurements made in the Philadelphia area. The "cellular" approach does seem to provide economies of both spectrum and hardware.
(Your Column Editor thinks this paper should appear in our Transactions -Dick Schulz: please note!} The November meeting featured a description of the A~my's new transportable automated EMC measurement system. Originally scheduled for presentation by Mr. L.H. Wagner, Project Manager, DCS Army Communications System, the talk was given by Mr. Joe Valasquez, of the same organization. This system, which is housed in two mobile vans, covers 20 Hz to 40 GHz.
It includes all necessary programming equipment, antenna and tuner switching provisions, directional and non-directional antennas, and recording equipment.
In active testing status at present, it it scheduled to be available to the user agency by the end of 1976.
The Chapter's annual Christmas Party was held at the Ft. Monmouth Officers' Club on December 11th. Over 30 members, wives and other guests enjoyed the excellent buffet supper, plus the usual libations. Assistant Director for Frequency Management -OTP, discussed his organization's current program in spectrum management, preparations for the forthcoming ITU conferences, the role of EMC in these efforts, and the impact of OTP's Circular 11, which emphasizes the need for further EMC analytical effort within the Federal Government.
Interest in this presentation was indeed high -Al Paul (

RFI TASK GROUP ACTIVITY REPORT
Those who attended the San Antonio Symposium probably heard Dr. Ted Cohen's paper, "The Susceptibility of Home Entertainment Devices to Strong RF Fields." For those who weren't able to attend, a brief summary is given below. Ted began by defining the problem -in terms both of the number of complaints handled by the FCC and of the likelihood of field strengths in voltage ranges capable of affecting TV receivers, hi-fi equipment and other home entertainment items. He used the now famous map of the Arlington County VA area, which shows transmitter densityfor only Amateur, CB and Land Mobile Service stations.
(Note: This is the map which is part of the ARRL RFI Info packetsee the Fall issue of the Newsletter for (continued) (continued) info on obtaining same.) Ted discussed the "RFI Bill," introduced last Spring by Congressman Charles Vanik of Ohio. This is the proposed legislation, which, if approved, would empower the FCC to establish rules for susceptibility for home entertainment devices.
Ted also reviewed some of the data available which might be used as the basis for setting up realistic standards for such equipments.
It is understood that some lively discussion followed Dr. Cohen's presentation, and that our next Symposium will probably devote some time to . .this .area . ...
The list of "persons-to-contact" with entertainment equipment problems (and solutions) within a number of OEM organizations (mentioned in the write-up in the Fall issue) is available as a separate item from ARRL for a self-addressed, stamped envelc,p_ e ___ w.it;h 13¢ postage attached. · "Addres~;: -.ARRL, 225 Main St., Newington, CT 06111.) The susceptibility investigations at t:J1e .. ARRL headquarters laocirafories· are· ·making progress. Tony Dorbuck, Project Engineer for this activity, reports that he is using a bench-top type shielded enclosure for some of his testing.
Direct pickup by circuits seems to be a major factor (as indicated also by Grundig's results in Germany). Recent tests included a check with a color TV receiver in the vicinity of ARRL's station WlAW. With five transmitters on the HF Amateur bands running at the kilowatt level, plus others at somewhat lower powers, reception was wiped out with the TV set unshielded.
However, with the receiver in the shielded enclosure at the same location, only slight interference was observed, with a relatively low TV signal field strength.
Also, according to Tony, the ARRL RFI manual previously mentioned in the Newsletter is still in the preparation stages, but should be ready for publication before much longerwe'll keep you advised. The rotation scheme serves many purposes. For ins·tance, it affords new members the opportunity to participate on the steering committeeP, and it exposes different sections of the country to the EMC community. Although we have a set pattern of rotation, it is up to the local EMC chapter or Group members to petition to host the event . Administrative Committee approval is given only after the submittal of a proposed budget and the selection of responsible officers.

SPEAKERS TRAVELING OVERSEAS
Reciprocal advantages accrue when competent speakers present papers to IEEE Sections in foreign countries.
IEEE members in any country, contemplating a foreign trip (transatlantic, transpacific, transcaribbean, etc . ) and desirous and capable of making engineering cont~cts o~ thi~ ~ype are invited to inform Miss Emily SirJane at the IEEE Headquarters office in New York, who will furnish the names and addresses of Section Chairmen with whom the speaker may work out arrangements directly.

AGE DISCRIMINATION
The case was Estate of Dilworth Rogers v. Dr. Rogers apparently died after initiating the case and it was fought by his widow, Mrs. Glad~s Rogers against Exxon.
In the case, Mrs. Rogers claimed that her husband had been laid off because it was the practice of Exxon to displace older employees so that additional benefits could be paid to younger employees.
The widow claimed that the company involuntarily retired Dr. Rogers and prior to that discriminated against him with respect to his compensation and the terms and conditions of his employment. A determining factor, it was claimed, in that discrimination was age.
The company claimed that it involuntarily retired Dr. Rogers because of a medical disability.
The jury believed Mrs. Rogers.
It hit Exxon for $750,000 (yes, seven hundred fifty tho·usand dollars) . T.bis from the wording in the summary of the case, was in addition to the amount of money that Dr. Rogers was out of pocket as a result of .being r-etir_ §d early~ ·-Sci-·that · a:rnounE (which was not decided by the jury as both sides came to an agreement on that) was added to the above.
And to add insult to injury -when I called the clerk of the court in New Jersey to see if the verdict was being appealed or held up, or anything -she told me that the Rogers attorney filed a motion and then collected an additional $65,000 for attorney's fees.
No appeals on record.
It was a bad day indeed for firms which have routinely displaced older "non productive" employees.
If they want to do that, they had better make sure that they document a really really good good case.
(Reprinted from the August 1975 issue of the IEEE G-EM Newsletter) We have two reviews in this issue by two guest reviewers. Dr. Henning Harmuth, representing the sequency co~unity, reviews a new textbook on orthogonal transforms. Mr . Edward Wetherhold, representing the frequency community, reviews an electronic databook. As conductor of this column, I must warn readers that Ed Wetherhold has an axe to grind. Ed contends that there are too many books coming from the technical publishers that should never have had type set. These books are often the product of unqualified authors and they suffer not only from a dearth of information, but also from minor to major errors and plain misinformation. He is mounting a campaign to make publishers aware of this disservice to the engineering profession in hopes that the publishers will do some self-policing .
"Ouhogona.l TMn66oJc.ml.) 60'1. Vig,i;ta,t Signal P1toc.eMing" by N. Ahmed and K. R. Rao 7 9 7 5 -2 6 3 pag u , 1 2 9 iilw., .tJw..Uo n6 Orthogonal systems of functions other than sinusoidal functions have been used by communications engineers for a long time. Examples are Chebyshev polynomials in filter theory and Bessel functions for electric structures with cylindrical symmetry. Despite this fact, sinusoidal functions and block pulses were used almost exclusively as signals or for the representation of signals, and the theory of communications was based essentially on sinusoidal functions only until about ten years ago. The reason is that our technology favored sinusoidal functions until the arrival of semiconductors and digital technology. The change of technology required a broadening of the theory of communications by advancing from sinusoidal functions and Fourier analysis to general systems of orthogonal functions and the Fourier-type analyses associated with them. There were two problems that made this advancement difficult for the electrical engineer. (a) The functions favored by digital technology such as Walsh and Haar functions were not mentioned in the usual mathematical textbooks. 7 (b) No engineering textbooks on general systems of orthogonal functions comparable in understandability to the ones on Fourier analysis were available. The book by Ahmed and Rao goes a long way to overcome these two problems.
One must have a good understanding of Fourier analysis to recognize when it should be used and when not, and to realize the direction of a generalization of communications theory required to take full advantage of digital technology.
Hence, Ahmed and Rao start with a sophisticated review of Fourier analysis.
They proceed to discuss functions that assume the values +l and -1 or +l, O and -1 only, which are for digital technology what sinusoidal functions are for a technology based on capacitors, coils and other linear, time invariant components. The equivalents of the Fourier transform and -in short form -Fourier analysis for these functions are then elaborated. The emphasis is on Walsh-Hadamard transform and analysis, but one also finds such lesser known transforms as the Haar and the slant transform, both of which have been used for the compression of PCM television signals in industrial equipment.
The first seven chapters of the book are of general interest to the engineer who wants to keep current with the theory for digital technology . The last three chapters apply this theory to specialized topics: Wiener filters, data compression, and feature selection in pattern recognition. The book is suitable for a one semester course at the advanced graduate level; may it find wide acceptance for this purpose.
(continued) "Uec;t>r_onic. Va.:ta.book. (A Gu,i.,de 601t  This ~ook was first published in 1971 under the title "ELECTRONIC DESIGN DATA ~O_ OK, II at a cost of $17. 95. Essen"Ha1iy" th~ same material is again available in a second edition at the substantially lower price of $10~95. As implied by the titles of the first and second editions, this book is intended to provide the electronic designer with a wide variety of concise and accurate design information gathered from many different sources and combined under one cover.
For the most part, the design material is reprinted from previously published articles which appeared over the past 19 years in the electronic trade journals. Selected pages of several reference books are also reprinted. Forty sources for the reprinted material are acknowledged in a listing which specifies the pages where the material appears in the Databook. Other sources are individually acknowledged on the page with the reprinted material. After a careful and thorough study of the contents of this publication, this reviewer concludes that, because of an excessive amount of inappropriate material, wasteful page formating, and unreliability due to the large number of errors the ELECTRONIC DATABOOK does not meet the requirements of today's designer. The electronic designer has a definite need for an up-to-date single vol~e reference source containing and preserving the best design articles which have been published over the past fifteen years in the many electronic trade magazines.
In the late 1940's and early S0's, McGraw-Hill's Electronics for Engineers provided such a source. But today's designer needs data on transistors (not vacuum tubes) and the many other modern devices and design techniques that have been developed over ~he past fifteen years or so. The following discussion should explain why the Electronic Databook does not meet the requirements of today's .designer . -···· In the preface of the Databook, Mr . Graf refers to himself as the_ "author"; how-.
---· ·· ever the term "editor" is a more proper titl~ since most of the Databook material is simply a collection of article reprints. Also in the preface, Mr. Graf acknowledges the contributions and critical efforts of four others but the specific manner in which they contributed is not stated. To successfully edit such a publication such as the Databook, one must have sufficient breadth and depth of ·technical knowledge to correctly evaluate and revise (where necessary) the hundrcJs of articles available for reprint. One must also thoroughly .examine all the electronic trade journals published at least over the past ten years so none of the important articles are overlooked. The usefulness of the Databook will depend on how well Mr. Graf and his associates have performed their jobs.
A cursory first glance at the Databook contents gives the impression of wide-spaced easy-to-read diagrams; however, a closer examination shows that about 8% of the contents (equ ivalent to about 25 pages) consists of blank space. This characteristic of unnecessary page inflation is typified by five of the nomographs where the short explanatory paragraphs could have been included on the same pages containing the nomographs . Instead, the explanatory text was placed on the adjoining page where it occupies only a small portion of the page. Although the Databook (according to the title) is a guide for designers, 30% of the Communications section is useless to the designer because fourteen of the forty eight pages are devoted to Q-signal codes, radiotelephone and Morse codes, signal report codes, and other similar material in place of exceptionally worthwhile and important design information (such as P. Geffe's article,"Comprehensive Tables for Resistive Attenuator Design," EEE, Nov. 1964) indicates that the editor and/or his associates did not sufficiently review the back issues of the important electronic trade magazines. Also, the extensive number of errors found by this reviewer indicates the Databook material was too often indiscriminately copied with little concern for accuracy or usefulness. For example, a (continued) page full of equations for series and parallel-cqnnected combinations of L, C, and R are presented on page 89. Although the source credit for these equations is given to the Centralab Division of Globe-Union (with no mention of date), the original source of the data obviously is the tables that appear on pages 146 and 148 of the 4th edition of the Radiotron Designer's Handbook, and errors in the original tables are reproduced in the Databook.
Because the additional useful variations of impedance formulas are not included in the Databook, the reader must refer to the ITT Handbook, Reference Data for Radio Engineers, where the correct and more extensive formulas may be found in either the 2nd or 4th editions.
The errors found by this reviewer can be grouped into the following three categories: (1) superficial errors (such as misspelled words) that can be found by the average non-technical reader -such errors do not affect the usefulness of the material and their presence simply indicates the lack of careful proofreading (2) minor technical errors (such as wrong values, incorrect signs, etc.) which can be detected by the technically trained readerthe continuous appearance of this type error indicates the lack of a thorough technical review; and (3) major technical errors (such as an incorrect design procedure or an incorrect schematic diagram) which are detectable only by one experienced and knowledgeable in the subject matter containing the error -these errors are especially dangerous as they produce a design that won't work or is unnecessarily inferior .
Examples of minor technical errors are: (1) p. 75, the scales for the wire diameter are not in agreement with the AWG numbers; (2) p. 89, wrong sign of phase angle for the parallel combination of two inductors; (3) p. 105, the network subtitles are reversed; (4) pp . 113-114, wrong sign for dB attenuation scale of LP filter responses; (5) p. 145, wrong sign for value of common emitter parameter Hh 12 ; (6) p. 105, the text " ... either type (of LP network) will perform the same electrically" is imprecise -the attenuation responses will be the same but the stopband z. will be in different.
Examples of major technical errors are: (1) pp. 111 & 120, the filter design examples make use of only m-derived sections which do not provide proper stopband attenuation more than one octave from the cutoff frequency -a proper LP or HP filter design always includes a constant-K midsection; (2) p . 127, the cascade (halfwave) voltage tripler schematic is inaccurate -the negative terminal of C3 should be connected to the negative terminal of Cl, and RL connected across C3. The half-wave 9 voltage quadrupler is also inaccurate. Although these two circuits will multiply voltage to the correct no-load level, the voltage regulation under load is inferior to the correct circuit (see QST,Oct. '71,p. 31 and Mar. '73,p. 48 This gives a precise approach to waveform synthesis and produces overtones beyond audibility. Even the attack and decay weightings of the tones can be developed from the summations of Walsh functions. Thus, dynamic effects can readily be created in addition to those normally produced by the use of voltage controlled filters. The RMI Harmonic Synthesizer, which is used by s.uch popular artists as Stevie Wonder and Ray Charles, contains two harmonic generators for independent outputs so that stero contrast effects can be produced.

·-·
Flexibility and variability are the key words to describe the all digital approach to music synthesizers. The use of Walsh functions in electronic music devices has recently received attention by audio engineers2 and further technical innovations can be .expected. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * I have had the priviledge of corresponding recently with Mr. Maurice L. Retter of Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Oxford, England, about some of his work and interests. I found the thrust of his work and his philosophy to be very interesting and I asked him to share it with the readers of the EMC Newsletter.
Mr . Retter, who holds a natural sciences degree from Cambridge (UK), had an extensive background in sonar array processing and ocean acoustics before turning to on-line computing and bubble chamber film analysis of high energy experiments in his present department. His main project at the moment deals with the search for "charmed" particles, but the broader thetr£e throughout his work has been with computers and 10 their scientific use. His interest in the theory of Walsh and related discrete functional theories and a recent shift towards parallel computing theory have lead him to the development of a concept he terms Lattice Processor s .

LATTICE PROCESSORS
The fast Fourier transform (and with it all the other "fast" transforms) can be associated to a graph structure, and from the earliest days, the now familiar "signal-flow-networks" or "tree-graphs" have appeared in many papers and books. This is true because FFT techniques are based upon discrete group theory, and group theories are associated with structures of one kind or another. Hardware algorithms have generally avoided the full array-processing configuration because of cost and because microprocessors can perform diverse tasks with high speed and reliability. Conceptually the binary rate multiplier can be used to replace the ___ .computer. .. Whereas . the .comptJter -int-l"-0du{;es---f.i xed-word lengths and therefore rounding errors from the start, a stochastic computer such as the rate multiplier represents a number as a stream of transmission pulses the density of which (in time) represents the magnitude of the number and so identifies accuracy with time.
One can consider a signal flow network, therefore, as composed of an array of elements which combine such pulse streams and propagate the result as a new pulse stream to the next layer of elements. Two important topological considerations arise: a. What sort of real dimensional space can these networks occupy, and b. Why propagate?
Considering the first point, it appears that the signal flow networks can be configured in any number of dimensions. (To emphasize the structural interpretation of the graphical representation of the transform theory see the adjoining figure which is a physical model built to illustrate the 2-dimensional real-time Walsh-Hadamard transform.) The second remark suggests the classification of Reverberating and Transmission lattices . In the former the set of cells participating in the transformation undergo a cyclic set of states and in the latter case there are separate planes of cells which enable the separate states to be realized at different places. The concept of R-and T-lattices seems superior to the weak terminology "in-place," and the term lattice network more appropriate than "Butterfly." Just as Michelson used the harmonic analysis for the ana·lysis of lightwaves, so perhaps the realization of such lattice structures suggests their use in modelling physical processes, and it may be that a whole new field in computer technology is just around the corner. One possibility is as a model for the transformation networks of the brain (the -· ultimate pursuit of ·tnformati01r the-crry)-·nr· per--··---haps as a space-time model of diffraction physics. In principle lattice processors can be used in place of lightwaves for the optical computer or ho l o(]raphy. · -* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

WALSH FUNCTIONS AT A DISCOUNT IN RUSSIAN
A Russian translation of H.F. Harmuth's popular book Transmission of Information by Orthogonal Functions became available in 1975. The first printing in Moscow of the Russian version numbered about 5,000 and its sale price is 1.60 rubels. This is equivalent to about ·· $2.00; the Eng-itsn· version is priced at $22.50. · ··· The publication of this book is continuing evidence of the great interest in Walsh and related functions inside the Soviet Union. However, from an author's viewpoint such translations evoke mixed feelings. On the one hand, it is flattering to have international acknowledgement for a text while on the other the Soviet Union does not recognize such technicalities as copyrights and author royalities .

TEMPEST SEMINAR
A government sponsored TEMPEST seminar was held on October 10, 1975 at Lackland AFB. The timing was to coincide with the competition of the IEEE EMC Symposium held in San Antonio on pctober 6-8, 1975.

· ---------
Wroclaw is the meeting of specialists interested in the field , organized every two years . These symposiums are planned as a cyclic international event held alternatively with the Symposium and Exhibition on EMC in Switzerland.
During the symposium , a truly international platform will be offered fo r contacts and exchange of ideas and information in the field of EMC, i.e. in studying of the EMC environment status and of interaction between man-made electromagnetic radiation and technical and biological systems . The pro blems that are tQ be discussed become more and more important as the civilization develops and the sphere of this newly born discipline constantly enlarges . The interdisciplinary character of EMC makes such symposiums particularly advisable. Sponsored by the Communications Society of the IEEE , the confer~nce will focus on "Communications -Cornerstone of Freedom . " There will be two EMC sessions during this symposium.
The first will be titled "EMC -Fact or Fantasy" and will feature four papers including, "The EMC Process (RFI vs EMC)" by Jacqueline Janoski, ECAC; "The Evolution of Communications EMC Standards" by Carl Pearlstan, Aerospace Corp . ; "FCC Standards for Imported Equipment" by Herman Garlan, FCC; and, "Communications EMC from the Radio Amateur Viewpoint" by Dr. Theodore Cohen, ARRL. The session chairman will be Robert D. Goldblurn , R & B Enterprises.
The afternoon session will be a panel discussion on the technical merits, problems of compliance, and fairness of FCC rules and their variations in interp retation from industry to industry. The session chairman will be Mr . Paul A. Major, USAEL, and speakers will include Ivan Godier, Bell Northern Research, Don Jansky, OTP, Herman Garlan, FCC , a t d R. J . Mayher, OT . For additional information, write to: I CC '76, P.O. Box 8357, Phila . , PA 19101.

EMC COMPUTER APPLICATION SYMPOSIUM
A two-day symposium on "Computers and Programs for EMI/EMC Applications" will be presented in four half-day sessions covering (1) programmable calculators and computers, (2) equipment and sub-system level EMC applications , (3) inter-sy stem prediction and design applications , and (4) intrasystem prediction and design far the control of EMI . Technical papers will be presented by invitation only . Attendance will be limited to 130 participants plus 20 government and industry speakers. A symposium summary digest of papers will be issued and speakers will pass out copies of their papers . Attendance fee is $35 per session or $100 per participant for the two-day symposium.
The purpose and mission of this symposium is to seek out the truth regarding how programmable calculators and computers really fit into the solution of EMI problems. How accurate are mathematical models and supporting data base in computing EMI? What are the statistical or probability-of-EMI implications? What is the effect on equipment/system overdesign and underdesign? What programs are available -small, medium and large? Do they really work? What are the cost implications including hardware and software? What are the lead -·and reaction times to prepare and enter problem data into calculators and computers, and how much elapsed time is required for results? How easy or difficult are programmable calculators and computers to use and how much training is needed?