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Magnetic Flux Emergence in a Coronal Hole

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Abstract

A joint campaign of various space-borne and ground-based observatories, comprising the Japanese Hinode mission (Hinode Observing Plan 338, 20 – 30 September 2017), the GREGOR solar telescope, and the Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT), investigated numerous targets such as pores, sunspots, and coronal holes. In this study, we focus on the coronal hole region target. On 24 September 2017, a very extended non-polar coronal hole developed patches of flux emergence, which contributed to the decrease of the overall area of the coronal hole. These flux emergence patches erode the coronal hole and transform the area into a more quiet-Sun-like area, whereby bipolar magnetic structures play an important role. Conversely, flux cancellation leads to the reduction of opposite-polarity magnetic fields and to an increase in the area of the coronal hole.

Other global coronal hole characteristics, including the evolution of the associated magnetic flux and the aforementioned area evolution in the EUV, are studied using data of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The interplanetary medium parameters of the solar wind display values compatible with the presence of the coronal hole. Furthermore, a particular transient is found in those parameters.

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  1. solarwww.mtk.nao.ac.jp/en/solarobs.html.

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Acknowledgements

J.P. acknowledges support from Leibniz-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS) on funding, computational resources, and material for the creation and preparation of this manuscript. D. U., J. I. C. R., and K. K received funding for this research project from the FWF under project grant P27800. P.G., S.J.G.M., and J.K. acknowledge project VEGA 2/0048/20. This work is part of a collaboration between AISAS and AIP supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) under project No. 57449420. C.D., C.K., I.K., and M.V. acknowledge support by grant DE 787/5-1 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). M.T. acknowledges funding by the Austrian Space Applications Programme of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency FFG (859729, SWAMI). The support by the European Commission Horizon 2020 Programs under grant agreements 824135 (SOLARNET) and 824064 (ESCAPE) are highly appreciated. Thanks to Y. Hanaoka for providing data from the infrared Stokes polarization full-disc images from the Solar Flare Telescope. Moreover, the authors want to acknowledge SDO/AIA and SDO/HMI Data Science Centers and Teams. Data were obtained during a joint GREGOR campaign with support by Hinode, IRIS, VTT, plus Chrotel. The 1.5-meter GREGOR solar telescope was built by a German consortium under the leadership of KIS with AIP, and MPS as partners, and with contributions by the IAC and ASU. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners, which is operated by these agencies in cooperation with ESA and NSC (Norway). We acknowledge data use from ACE and Wind spacecraft instruments, and to STEREO as well. We acknowledge data use from WDC of Geomagnetism, Kyoto, and LMSAL SolarSoft. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) has been used as bibliographic engine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Leibniz-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS), Schöneckstraße 6, 79104, Freiburg, Germany

    Judith Palacios

  2. RHEA System GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Str. 7, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany

    Judith Palacios

  3. IGAM, Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Dominik Utz, Stefan Hofmeister, Kilian Krikova, Jose Iván Campos Rozo, Manuela Temmer & Astrid Veronig

  4. IAA-CSIC, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Granada, Spain

    Dominik Utz

  5. Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Tatranská Lomnica, Slovakia

    Peter Gömöry, Sergio Javier González Manrique & Július Koza

  6. Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482, Potsdam, Germany

    Christoph Kuckein, Carsten Denker, Meetu Verma, Andrea Diercke & Ioannis Kontogiannis

  7. Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany

    Andrea Diercke

  8. Space Weather Group, Dpto de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain

    Consuelo Cid

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Appendix

The AIA 193 Å images used for the supplementary movie were processed by the noise adaptive fuzzy equalisation method (NAFE, Druckmüller, 2013) to enhance visibility of the fine structures. The two free parameters of the code are \(\gamma\) and w. They are used to control the brightness and level of enhancement of the processed image. For a detailed mathematical explanation of these parameters see Druckmüller (2013). In our case, we chose \(\gamma= 2.6\) and w = 0.25 for all processed images.

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Palacios, J., Utz, D., Hofmeister, S. et al. Magnetic Flux Emergence in a Coronal Hole. Sol Phys 295, 64 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-020-01629-9

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