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Quinoline-infused graphene carbon cages: an ecofriendly approach towards environmental remediation

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Abstract

The increasing concern over the contamination of water bodies by textile dyes calls for the development of effective and sustainable strategies for their removal. In response, this study aims to provide a comprehensive investigation on the utilization of quinoline-based graphene carbon cages as catalysts for the adsorption and absorption of malachite green, a commonly used dye in the textile industry. The synthesis of graphene carbon cages was accomplished through a facile and efficient method viz., the sonochemical method, yielding uniform structures with a hollow interior and a single-layer surface composed of thin pentagonal rings. Characterization techniques, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, EDX analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), were employed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the graphene carbon cages. The adsorption capacity of the synthesized graphene carbon cages for malachite green was found to be remarkably high, with nearly complete removal achieved within 40 min using a mere 5 mg of catalyst. This exceptional performance can be attributed to the unique combination of the graphene carbon cages' high surface area, abundant active sites, and 3D structure. Furthermore, the stability of the graphene carbon cages was assessed through five consecutive cycles of adsorption and absorption, demonstrating their reusability without significant loss of efficiency. The findings of this study highlight the potential of quinoline-based graphene carbon cages as highly efficient and reusable catalysts for the removal of malachite green from wastewater. These catalysts offer promising prospects for industrial applications in the textile sector, contributing to the mitigation of water pollution and the promotion of sustainable practices.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to Professor C. N. R. Rao for his valuable guidance and manuscript discussion through emails. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Ashwini Kumar Nangia, Director, National Chemical Laboratory for providing the central instrumentation facility, especially the FE-SEM images of the Buckyball. Their support has been instrumental in the completion of this research work. The authors extend their sincere appreciation to both the individuals for their contribution towards this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Annasaheb Awate College, Manchar, Ambegaon, Pune, Maharashtra, 410503, India

    U. D. Patil

  2. Department of Chemistry, Abasaheb Garware College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India

    Shobha Waghmode, Vidya Kalyankar & Heena Meroliya

  3. Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    S. S. Pingale

  4. Yashwantrao Mohite College, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Pune, India

    Sharda Gadale

  5. Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Dinesh Amalnerkar

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Contributions

UDP and SW conceived the idea. This was also discussed with Dinesh Amalnerkar. Eventually, all authors discussed and agreed with the main focus and ideas of this paper. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Following table can give detail idea about authors contribution/role in this manuscript. UDP: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis Investigation, Writing—Original Draft, Resources, Data curation, Writing—Review & Editing. SW: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis Investigation, Data curation, Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Review & Editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration. SSP: Methodology, Formal analysis Investigation, Resources. SD: Methodology, Resources, Writing—Review & Editing. VK: Methodology, Formal analysis Investigation, Resources. HM: Methodology, Formal analysis Investigation, Resources. DA: Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.

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Patil, U.D., Waghmode, S., Pingale, S.S. et al. Quinoline-infused graphene carbon cages: an ecofriendly approach towards environmental remediation. Res Chem Intermed 49, 4217–4237 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-023-05098-0

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