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Pulling the trigger: Noncoding RNAs in white adipose tissue browning

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Abstract

White adipose tissue (WAT) serves as the primary site for energy storage and endocrine regulation in mammals, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized for thermogenesis and energy expenditure. The conversion of white adipocytes to brown-like fat cells, known as browning, has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for reversing obesity and its associated co-morbidities. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of transcripts that do not encode proteins but exert regulatory functions on gene expression at various levels. Recent studies have shed light on the involvement of ncRNAs in adipose tissue development, differentiation, and function. In this review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of ncRNAs in adipose biology, with a focus on their role and intricate mechanisms in WAT browning. Also, we discuss the potential applications and challenges of ncRNA-based therapies for overweight and its metabolic disorders, so as to combat the obesity epidemic in the future.

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Data availability

Data availability is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Abbreviations

ATGL:

Adipose triglyceride lipase

BAT:

Brown adipose tissue

CEBPα:

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α

ceRNAs:

Competitive endogenous RNAs

eWAT:

Epididymal WAT

FGF21:

Fibroblast growth factor 21

HSL:

Hormone-sensitive lipase

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor-1

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

iWAT:

Inguinal WAT

m1A:

N1-methyladenosine

m6A:

N6-methyladenosine

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs

NcRNAs:

Noncoding RNAs

PGC1α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 Alpha

Prdm16:

Positive regulatory domain containing 16

RBP:

RNA-binding protein

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

SREBP1:

Sterol-regulatory element binding proteins

UCP1:

Uncoupling protein 1

WAT:

White adipose tissue

ASOs:

Antisense oligonucleotides

CDS:

Coding regions

Celf1:

CUGBP Elav-Like Family Member 1

circRNAs:

Circular RNAs

FABP4:

Fatty acid binding protein 4

FGFR1:

FGF21 receptor

HuR:

Hu antigen R

IL-4:

Interleukin-4

IL-13:

Interleukin-13

lncRNAs:

Long noncoding RNAs

m5C:

5-Methylcytosine

m7G:

7-Methyl guanosine

mRNAs:

Messenger RNAs

NRG-4:

Neuregulin 4

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

PTBP1:

Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1

RIP140:

Receptor-interacting protein 140

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

UTR:

Untranslated region

ZBTB7B:

Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7B

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Funding

This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (2021-I2M-1–008) for Dr. Guoping Li, National Natural Science Foundation of China (82370877, 81970739) and National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (BJ-2023–237).

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  1. The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China

    Dehuan Liang & Guoping Li

  2. Fifth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China

    Dehuan Liang

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Liang Dehuan wrote the main manuscript text and prepared the figure; Li Guoping critically revised the article.

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Liang, D., Li, G. Pulling the trigger: Noncoding RNAs in white adipose tissue browning. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 25, 399–420 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-023-09866-6

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