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A review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Stemonae Radix

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Abstract

Stemonae Radix (dried roots of Stemona japonica (Bl.) Miq., Stemona sessilifolia (Miq.) Miq., and Stemona tuberosa Lour.), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is also known as “Baibu” (Chinese: 百部). Stemonae Radix has a wide range of pharmacological effects, mainly used to treat respiratory diseases and as an insecticide. In this review, with the help of both published materials (such as ancient and modern books, monographs on medicinal plants, and the pharmacopoeia of different countries) and electronic databases (such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar), we have summarized the up-to-date research progress in botany, traditional application, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control, and discussed the research prospects and development direction of Stemonae Radix and its origin plants. Up to now, more than 170 compounds were isolated and identified from the three official species of Stemonae Radix, mainly including Stemona alkaloids, Stemona stilbenoids and other components. This medicine has also exhibited pharmacological activities, including antitussive, antiviral, insecticidal, antitumor, antioxidant, and therapeutic effects on lung diseases. However, pharmacological reports most often attribute activities to various extracts, rather than specific compounds. This hampers the establishment of a connection between chemical constituents and pharmacological activities, resulting in a difficulty to identify the major active compounds. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to design experiments to deeply understand the development and clinical use of Stemonae Radix.

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Abbreviations

TCM:

Traditional Chinese medicine

Ref.:

Reference

S. japonica :

Stemona japonica (Bl.) Miq.

S. sessilifolia :

Stemona sessilifolia (Miq.) Miq.

S. tuberosa :

Stemona tuberosa Lour.

NTS:

Neotuberostemonine

PSN:

Protostemonine

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

i.p.:

Intraperitoneal

i.g.:

Intragastric

p.o.:

Oral administration

AChE:

Acetylcholinesterase

6-OHDA:

6-Hydroxydopamine

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

MDR:

Multidrug-resistant

DPPH:

Diphenyl-P-Picrylhydrazyl

BLM:

Bleomycin

HIF-1α:

Hypoxia inducible factor-1α

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

FGF2:

Fibroblast growth factor 2

α-SMA:

α-Smooth muscle actin

TRAF6:

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

AKT:

Protein kinase B

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Project (No.2018YFC1707106), and the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province in 2018 (No.2018CXGC1305). The authors would like to thank Enago (www.enago.cn) for the English language review.

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  1. Lixia Wang and Hongwei Wu are equally first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China

    Lixia Wang, Hongwei Wu, Cong Liu, Tong Jiang, Xiaoyun Yang, Xiaoxu Chen, Liying Tang & Zhuju Wang

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Contributions

Lixia Wang and Hongwei Wu searched the literature, collected the data, and drafted the manuscript; Lixia Wang and Zhuju Wang contributed to analysis and manuscript preparation; Cong Liu, Tong Jiang, Xiaoyun Yang, Xiaoxu Chen helped checking the chemical structures and formula; Lixia Wang downloaded the documents and made classification; Liying Tang and Zhuju Wang contributed comments for version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Liying Tang or Zhuju Wang.

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Wang, L., Wu, H., Liu, C. et al. A review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Stemonae Radix. Phytochem Rev 21, 835–862 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-021-09765-1

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