Abstract
Non-linear optical (NLO) materials allow the production of the coherent laser beam in the difficult frequency ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. Aiming to explore new classes of the NLO materials with high optical performance in the infrared region, in this work, we investigated the effect of the rare earth doping (Pr, Eu, Yb) on the crystal structure and optical properties of the Ag3AsS3 crystals. The performed analysis of the XRD patterns indicates that the rare earth elements are located in the Ag sites of the crystal lattice. As a result, the second harmonic generation intensity, which determines the effectiveness of the NLO materials, increases with the increase of rare earth dopant content up to 1.0%. Using the absorption analysis and Raman spectroscopy, we show that the increase in the SHG intensity can be related to the slight decrease of the bandgap, as well as with the increased electron–phonon interaction in rare-earth-doped Ag3AsS3 crystals. Considering the discovered enhancement of the SHG intensity, accompanied by the low melting temperature, this work offers rare-earth-doped Ag3AsS3 crystals as potential candidates for the non-linear optical applications for the infrared frequency range.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data that supports the findings of this study are available within the article [and its supplementary material].
References
Abudurusuli, A., Li, J., Pan, S.: A review on the recently developed promising infrared nonlinear optical materials. Dalt. Trans. 50, 3155–3160 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT00054C
Ammann, E.O., Yarborough, J.M., Falk, J.: Simultaneous optical parametric oscillation and second-harmonic generation. J. Appl. Phys. 42, 5618 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1659991
Aramburu, I., Ortega, J., Folcia, C.L., Etxebarria, J.: Second harmonic generation by micropowders: a revision of the Kurtz-Perry method and its practical application. Appl. Phys. B Lasers Opt. 116, 211–233 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/S00340-013-5678-9
Bardsley, W., Davles, P.H., Hobden, M.V., Hulme, K.F., Jones, O., Pomeroy, W., Warner, J.: Synthetic proustite (Ag3AsS3): a summary of its properties and uses. Opto-Electronics 1(1), 29–31 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01476789
Bindi, L., Pratesi, G., Spry, P.G.: Crystallographic and chemical constraints on the nature of the proustite–pyrargyrite solid-solution series. Am. Mineral. 95, 1725–1729 (2010). https://doi.org/10.2138/AM.2010.3563
Boyd, G.D., Miller, R.C., Nassau, K., Bond, W.L., Savage, A.: LiNbO3: an efficient phase matchable nonlinear optical material. Appl. Phys. Lett. 5, 234 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1723604
Byer, H.H., Bobb, L.C., Lefkowitz, I., Deaver, B.S., Jr.: Raman and farinfrared spectra of proustite (Ag3AsS3) and pyrargyrite (Ag3SbS3). Ferroelectrics 5, 207–217 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1080/00150197308243951
Chen, C., Wu, B., Jiang, A., You, G.: A new-type ultraviolet SHG crystal—β-BaB2O4. Sci. China Ser. B-Chem. Biol. Agric. Med. Earth Sci. 28, 235–243 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1360/YB1985-28-3-235
Chen, B., Zhu, S., Zhao, B., Lei, Y., Wu, X., Yuan, Z., He, Z.: Differential thermal analysis and crystal growth of AgGaS2. J. Cryst. Growth. 310, 635–638 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCRYSGRO.2007.10.067
Cherniushok, O., Cardoso-Gil, R., Parashchuk, T., Grin, Y., Wojciechowski, K.T.: Phase equilibria and thermoelectric properties in the Pb–Ga–Te system in the vicinity of the PbGa6Te10 phase. Inorg. Chem. 60, 2771–2782 (2021a). https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.INORGCHEM.0C03549
Cherniushok, O., Parashchuk, T., Tobola, J., Luu, S., Pogodin, A., Kokhan, O., Studenyak, I., Barchiy, I., Piasecki, M., Wojciechowski, K.T.: Entropy-induced multivalley band structures improve thermoelectric performance in p-Cu 7 P(S x Se 1–x) 6 Argyrodites. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 13, 39606–39620 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSAMI.1C11193
Chung, I., Kanatzidis, M.G.: Metal chalcogenides: a rich source of nonlinear optical materials. Chem. Mater. 26, 849–869 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/CM401737S
Claudel, J., Morlot, G., Villermain-Lecolier, G., Hadni, A.: Spectres de réflexion et constantes optiques de la proustite (Ag 3AsS3) entre 14 et 600 cm-1 a 300 k et 80 k. J. Phys. Lett. 38, 95–97 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1051/JPHYSLET:0197700380309500
Dovgii, Y.O., Kityk, I.V., Dovgii, Y.O., Kityk, I.V.: Band structure and nonlinear optical susceptibilities of proustite (Ag3AsS3). PSSBR 166, 395–402 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1002/PSSB.2221660208
Duarte, F.J.: Tunable laser optics: applications to optics and quantum optics. Prog. Quantum Electron. 37, 326–347 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PQUANTELEC.2013.09.001
Ewen, P.J.S., Taylor, W., Paul, G.L.: A Raman scattering study of phase transitions in proustite (Ag 3AsS3) and pyrargyrite (Ag3SbS3). J. Phys. C Solid State Phys. 16, 6475–6490 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/16/33/019
Fedorchuk, A.O., Parasyuk, O.V., Kityk, I.V.: Second anion coordination for wurtzite and sphalerite chalcogenide derivatives as a tool for the description of anion sub-lattice. Mater. Chem. Phys. 139, 92–99 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATCHEMPHYS.2012.12.058
Fedorchuk, A.O., Parasyuk, O.V., Cherniushok, O., Andriyevsky, B., Myronchuk, G.L., Khyzhun, O.Y., Lakshminarayana, G., Jedryka, J., Kityk, I.V., ElNaggar, A.M., Albassam, A.A., Piasecki, M.: PbGa2GeS6 crystal as a novel nonlinear optical material: band structure aspects. J. Alloys Compd. 740, 294–304 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.353
Ga̧gor, A., Pawłowski, A., Pietraszko, A.: Silver transfer in proustite Ag3AsS3 at high temperatures: conductivity and single-crystal X-ray studies. J. Solid State Chem. 182, 451–456 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSSC.2008.11.005
Guo, S.P., Chi, Y., Guo, G.C.: Recent achievements on middle and far-infrared second-order nonlinear optical materials. Coord. Chem. Rev. 335, 44–57 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CCR.2016.12.013
Hanna, D.C., Luther-davies, B., Rutt, H.N., Smith, R.C., Stanley, C.R.: Q-switched laser damage of infrared nonlinear materials. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 8, 317–324 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.1972.1076963
Hanna, D.C., Luther-Davies, B., Rutt, H.N., Smith, R.C.: Reliable operation of a proustite parametric oscillator. Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 34–36 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1653969
Hanna, D.C., Luther-Davies, B., Smith, R.C.: Singly resonant proustite parametric oscillator tuned from 1.22 to 8.5 μm. Appl. Phys. Lett. 22, 440 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1654704
Heep, B.K., Weldert, K.S., Krysiak, Y., Day, T.W., Zeier, W.G., Kolb, U., Snyder, G.J., Tremel, W.: High electron mobility and disorder induced by silver ion migration lead to good thermoelectric performance in the argyrodite Ag8SiSe6. Chem. Mater. 29, 4833–4839 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00767
Hoffman, H.J., Perkins, P.E., Stone, R.E., Driscoll, T.A.: Efficient second-harmonic generation in KTP crystals. JOSA B 3(5), 683–686 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.3.000683
Hulme, K.F., Jones, O., Davies, P.H., Hobden, M.V.: Synthetic proustite (Ag3AsS3): a new crystal for optical mixing. Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 133 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1754880
Isaenko, L., Vasilyeva, I., Merkulov, A., Yelisseyev, A., Lobanov, S.: Growth of new nonlinear crystals LiMX2 (M=Al, In, Ga; X=S, Se, Te) for the mid-IR optics. J. Cryst. Growth. 275, 217–223 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCRYSGRO.2004.10.089
Jiang, A., Wu, B., Chen, C., You, G., Li, R., Lin, S., Wu, Y.: New nonlinear-optical crystal: LiB3O5. JOSA B 6(4), 616–621 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.6.000616
Kharbish, S.: Spectral-structural characteristics of the extremely scarce silver arsenic sulfosalts, proustite, smithite, trechmannite and xanthoconite: μ-Raman spectroscopy evidence. Spectrochim. Acta. A. Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 177, 104–110 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAA.2017.01.038
Kraus, W., Nolze G.: PowderCell for windows download - free powder pattern calculation program, PowderCell Wind. - Free Powder Pattern Calc. Progr. (n.d.). https://powdercell-for-windows.software.informer.com/ (accessed October 7, 2021)
Kurtz, S.K., Perry, T.T.: A powder technique for the evaluation of nonlinear optical materials. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 3798 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1656857
Lakshminarayana, M.P.G.: Photovoltaic, photoelectric and optical spectra of novel AgxGaxGe1-xSe2 (0,167 > x > 0,333) quaternary single crystals, Photovoltaic, Photoelectr. Opt. Spectra Nov. AgxGaxGe1-XSe2 (0,167 > x > 0,333) Quat. Single Cryst. (2012) 837–841. http://isp.kiev.ua/images/Institute/dep06/Rada02/Thesis Gavrylyuk.pdf (accessed September 10, 2021)
Lin, H., Wei, W.B., Chen, H., Wu, X.T., Zhu, Q.L.: Rational design of infrared nonlinear optical chalcogenides by chemical substitution. Coord. Chem. Rev. 406, 213150 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CCR.2019.213150
Makowska-Janusik, M., Kityk, I.V., Myronchuk, G., Zamuraeva, O., Parasyuk, O.V.: Manifestation of intrinsic defects in the band structures of quaternary chalcogenide Ag2In2SiSe6 and Ag2In2GeSe6 crystals. CrystEngComm 16, 9534–9544 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CE01005A
Mutailipu, M., Zhang, M., Yang, Z., Pan, S.: Targeting the next generation of deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical materials: expanding from borates to borate fluorides to fluorooxoborates. Acc. Chem. Res. 52, 791–801 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.ACCOUNTS.8B00649
Myronchuk, G.L., Zamuruyeva, O.V., Parasyuk, O.V., Kityk, I.V., Czaja, P., Piasecki, M.: The effect of composition on photoconductivity and nonlinear optical properties in the acentric Ag2In2AB6 (A = Si, Ge, B = S, Se) crystals. Optik (stuttg) 179, 948–956 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJLEO.2018.11.030
Nikogosyan, D.N.: Nonlinear optical crystals: a complete survey. Nonlinear Opt. Cryst. A Complet. Surv. pp. 1–427 (P. 374) (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/B138685
Ohmer, M.C., Pandey, R.: Emergence of chalcopyrites as nonlinear optical materials. MRS Bull. 23, 16–22 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1557/S0883769400029031
Piasecki, M., Myronchuk, G.L., Zamurueva, O.V., Khyzhun, O.Y., Parasyuk, O.V., Fedorchuk, A.O., Albassam, A., El-Naggar, A.M., Kityk, I.V.: Huge operation by energy gap of novel narrow band gap Tl1−xIn1−xBxSe2 (B = Si, Ge): DFT, x-ray emission and photoconductivity studies. Mater. Res. Express. 3, 025902 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/3/2/025902
Rame, J., Viana, B., Clement, Q., Melkonian, J.M., Petit, J.: Control of melt decomposition for the growth of high quality AgGaGeS4 Single crystals for mid-IR laser applications. Cryst. Growth Des. 14, 5554–5560 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/CG500813Q
Riccius, H.D., Carey, P.R., Siimann, O.: Optical phonon modes in proustite (Ag3AsS3). Phys. Status Solidi 72, K99–K101 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1002/PSSB.2220720171
Riccius, H.D., Siemsen K.J.: Proustite (Ag<Subscript>3</Subscript>AsS<Subscript>3</Subscript>) — An almost ideal nonlinear material, pp. 301–305. (1974) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-94774-1_50
Schönau, K.A., Redfern, S.A.T.: High-temperature phase transitions, dielectric relaxation, and ionic mobility of proustite, Ag3AsS3, and pyrargyrite, Ag3SbS3. J. Appl. Phys. 92, 7415 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1520720
Shvalya, V., Oleaga, A., Salazar, A., Kohutych, A.A., Vysochanskii, Y.M.: Electron-phonon anharmonicity and low thermal conductivity in phosphorous chalcogenide ferroelectrics. Mater. Express. 7, 361–368 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1166/MEX.2017.1385
Skelton, J.M., Burton, L.A., Parker, S.C., Walsh, A., Kim, C.E., Soon, A., Buckeridge, J., Sokol, A.A., Catlow, C.R.A., Togo, A., Tanaka, I.: Anharmonicity in the high-temperature Cmcm phase of SnSe: soft modes and three-phonon interactions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 075502-1–075502-6 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.117.075502/FIGURES/2/THUMBNAIL
Smith, W.L.: KDP and ADP transmission in the vacuum ultraviolet. Appl. Opt. 16(7), 1798–1798 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.16.001798
Tauc, J.: Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors. Springer, Boston (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8705-7
Wu, K., Pan, S.: A review on structure-performance relationship toward the optimal design of infrared nonlinear optical materials with balanced performances. Coord. Chem. Rev. 377, 191–208 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CCR.2018.09.002
Yaremko, A.M., Yukhymchuk, V.O., Dzhagan, V.M., Valakh, M.Y., Azhniuk, Y.M., Baran, J., Ratajczak, H. , Drozd, M.: Investigation of electron-phonon interaction in bulk and nanostructured semiconductors, (2007). http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/117861 (accessed September 10, 2021)
Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the subsidy of the Ministry of Education and Science for the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow (Project No 16.16.160.557).
Funding
Funding was provided by Swansea University (Grant Nos. ID0E4EAE5148, ID0E4EAE51488).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Smitiukh, O.V., Marchuk, O.V., Kogut, Y.M. et al. Effect of rare-earth doping on the structural and optical properties of the Ag3AsS3 crystals. Opt Quant Electron 54, 224 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03542-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03542-w