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Inhibition of A1 Astrocytes and Activation of A2 Astrocytes for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

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Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious injury to the central nervous system that causes significant physical and psychological trauma to the patient. SCI includes primary spinal cord injuries and secondary spinal cord injuries. The secondary injury refers to the pathological process or reaction after the primary injury. Although SCI has always been thought to be an incurable injury, the human nerve has the ability to repair itself after an injury. However, the reparability is limited because glial scar formation impedes functional recovery. There is a type of astrocyte that can differentiate into two forms of reactive astrocytes known as ‘A1’ and ‘A2’ astrocytes. A1 astrocytes release cytotoxic chemicals that cause neurons and oligodendrocytes to die and perform a harmful role. A2 astrocytes can produce neurotrophic factors and act as neuroprotectors. This article discusses ways to block A1 astrocytes while stimulating A2 astrocytes to formulate a new treatment for spinal cord injury.

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Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Funding

This research was supported by grants from the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2022YFS0188), Key Science and Technology Project of Luzhou Government (2021-SYF-33), Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (210020-01SZ), Science Fund of Southwest Medical University (21YYJC0246).

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Author notes

  1. Jingxuan Wang, Cai Cheng, Zhongbing Liu and Yan Lin have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China

    Jingxuan Wang, Cai Cheng, Zhongbing Liu, Yan Lin, Lingling Yang, Zijun Zhang, Xiaoduan Sun & Zhirong Zhong

  2. Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China

    Meiling Zhou & Pei Jing

  3. Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China

    Zhirong Zhong

Authors
  1. Jingxuan Wang
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  2. Cai Cheng
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  3. Zhongbing Liu
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  4. Yan Lin
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  5. Lingling Yang
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  8. Meiling Zhou
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  9. Pei Jing
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  10. Zhirong Zhong
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Contributions

JW: Conceptualization, Data curation, Roles/Writing - original draft. CC: Formal analysis. ZL: Data curation, Software. YL: Investigation. LY and ZZ: Methodology. XS: Visualization. PJ and MZ: Writing - review & editing. ZZ: Project administration, Writing - review & editing, Validation.

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Correspondence to Pei Jing or Zhirong Zhong.

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Wang, J., Cheng, C., Liu, Z. et al. Inhibition of A1 Astrocytes and Activation of A2 Astrocytes for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurochem Res 48, 767–780 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-022-03820-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-022-03820-9

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